Using social resilience and resource dependency to increase the effectiveness of marine conservation initiatives in Salum,Egypt

The social and economic ramifications of marine conservation strategies such as marine protected areas (MPAs) are important to consider prior to their implementation to ensure that they do not exceed the resilience of resource-users and that resource protection might be maximised through compliance and low resistance. This paper presents a framework in which the human dimensions can be more easily and usefully integrated into the design and delivery of conservation initiatives. The framework espouses quantifying (1) the level of dependency on the resource; (2) perceptions towards conservation initiatives; and (3) social resilience. The framework is applied in Salum, Egypt, which is the site of a prospective MPA.     

Vulnerability and adaptation to heat in cities: perspectives and perceptions of local adaptation decision-makers in Sweden

Climate change vulnerability is disproportionately distributed between different population segments in society. This study qualitatively explores how key stakeholders in municipalities (i.e. planning and operational staff in municipalities and the vulnerable themselves) construct social vulnerability in relation to climate change with a specific focus on thermal stress (i.e. heat waves) and which adaptive responses they identify at different levels. The empirical material consists of five focus groups with actors in a large Swedish municipality where the “Vulnerability Factor Card Game” was used as stimulus material to create 10 fictional individuals. The results show that there is a substantial amount of local knowledge about vulnerability drivers and inter-relations between social factors and vulnerability. Local decision-makers also defined a wide range of possible adaptation measures at different municipal levels. Our study clearly indicates that contextualised knowledge, which could complement the quantitative approaches in research, is abundant among municipal planners, staff employed at municipal operations such as health care, and among the vulnerable themselves. This knowledge remains untapped by research to a great extent and only seems to have an insignificant influence on policy-making. In particular, how impacts vary between different social and demographic groups and how adaptation strategies that target the most vulnerable could be defined are of great interest. The present study clearly indicates that social hierarchy may produce increased inequality in the specific context of climate change, vulnerability and adaptive responses at different levels.     

Cultivating food as a right to the city

This paper argues that there is much to be gained when we view struggles to cultivate food in the city through the lens of Henri Lefebvre's concept of the right to the city. Lefebvre's idea helps us better perceive the radical political and ecological potential of those struggles. And in the empirical details of the struggles we can see concretely the key action in Lefebvre's concept, an action that is only abstract in his work: urban inhabitants becoming active and producing and managing space for themselves.     

露天转地下开采对上覆构筑物安全影响分析

为在最大限度科学回收地下资源的前提下,保证地表构筑物安全,以国内某大型矿山为工程背景,采用空区监测系统(CMS)结合DIMINE/FLAC3D建模技术,构建露天转地下开采对地表构筑物影响分析三维可视化计算模型。通过数值计算与现场调查相结合的方法,对比分析露天转地下开采影响范围内的地表构筑物水平位移、倾斜、曲率、沉降。结果表明:数值计算获得的应力场和位移场结果,与矿山实测结果基本吻合。该矿山开采1 650 m阶段后监测点最大倾斜指标为9 mm/m,接近允许值上限,因此,其最大合理开采深度为1 650 m阶段。     

Active learning climate and employee errors: The moderating effects of personality traits

This study developed and tested a cross‐level model of the relationship between two components of active learning climate—enactive exploration and guided learning—and employee errors, and the moderating roles of the individual's traits of openness to experience and conscientiousness. The study examined the medical errors made by 142 resident physicians in 22 hospital departments. Results demonstrated significant interactions between climate and traits: when an individual had a low level of the trait of openness to experience, there was a curvilinear relationship between enactive exploration climate and number of errors. With a high level of openness to experience, the enactive exploration climate was positively associated with the number of errors up to a certain point. In addition, when an individual had a low level of conscientiousness, there was a negative association between guided learning climate and number of errors; with a high level of conscientiousness, there was a positive association between guided learning climate and number of errors. Thus, individual performance was better when the climate complemented the individual's lack of a trait. When the level of the individual's trait was high, the climate intensified the already pronounced trait up to an extent that impaired the individual's performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

综合危险性指数法在泰山区地质灾害易发区划分中的应用

地质灾害易发区划分是进行地质灾害防治的基础工作。针对泰安市泰山区地质灾害分布特点,进行区内地质环境特征和危险性分析以及综合危险性指数(含潜在地质灾害强度指数和现状地质灾害强度指数)计算,对区内地质灾害易发程度进行定量评价,将泰山区划分成地质灾害高易发区、中易发区、低易发区和不易发区等4个等级,为今后开展地质灾害防治提供依据。     

浮码头钢趸船防腐涂装体系研究

目的为浮码头钢趸船优选防腐涂装体系,以延长其使用寿命。方法根据钢趸船腐蚀环境特点,对选用的防腐涂料进行对比试验,针对不同的腐蚀环境,优选不同的防腐蚀方案。结果制定了4套与不同腐蚀环境相对应的防腐涂装体系。结论该防腐蚀涂装体系已在上海、青岛、湛江等海域的钢趸船上使用,效果良好。     

环境作用动力学基础及应用

目的优化原有的环境作用动力学理论模型。方法在原有环境作用动力学理论模型的基础上,提出环境适应性、环境响应性、变化重复性等3个概念,修改蠕变动力学理论模型的假设2。结果形成了由8个定义、2个假设组成的更加完善的环境作用动力学理论模型。结论新的环境作用动力学理论模型涵盖了蠕变动力学理论模型和原有的环境作用动力学理论模型,应用范围得到大大扩展。     

南水北调东线水源核心区浮游植物多样性状况与评价研究

分别于2013年4月、8月、10月和2014年1月对南水北调东线水源核心区河流浮游植物群落结构、浮游植物密度进行调查,并利用多样性指数进行水质评价.区域共检出浮游植物5门34科67属118种,春秋两季物种数较多,夏冬两季物种数较少.优势种为蓝藻门小席藻( Phormidium.tenue)、绿藻门小球藻( Chlorella.pyrenoidosa)、硅藻门变异直链藻( Melosira.varians).区域浮游植物密度为3.5 ×105 cells/L,Shannon-wiener指数为2.32,Margalef指数为1.06,Pielou均匀度指数为0.54,水质为寡污-中污水平.     

电子元器件表面化学防护效果的测定研究

目的研究电子元器件表面化学防护的方法。方法应用选择性涂覆设备进行研究并优化工艺条件,选择丙烯酸清漆和稀释剂的体积混合比例从1∶0.2到1∶1进行实验,在100 mm/s的喷涂速度下,喷涂印制板的过程在0.5 min内完成,喷涂的相对标准偏差不超过±0.005 mm。结果涂层厚度可控制在25~75μm的范围内,符合国际标准ICP-CC-830的要求,涂层具有较好的流平性,无气泡、针孔和絮状物,无雾化等。结论这种方法可以成功地应用于印制板上电子元器件表面的化学防护。该方法具有涂覆准确性高,有毒稀释剂消耗量低,涂覆效果好,经济环保等的特点。