螯合剂GLDA对象草修复镉污染农田的影响

为探明螯合剂谷氨酸二乙酸四钠(GLDA)对象草修复镉(Cd)污染农田的影响,通过田间小区试验,于60 d内以不同方式(总施加量585、 1 170和2 340 kg·hm~(-2)分别等分为1～4次施加,分2～4次施加的时间间隔分别为30、 20和15 d)向已种植60 d象草的Cd污染农田(总Cd:0.62 mg·kg~(-1))施加GLDA,分析了象草地上部生物量、Cd含量和Cd提取量以及土壤pH和可溶性有机碳(DOC)质量浓度等指标.结果表明,少量且分多次施加GLDA能显著提高象草地上部生物量和Cd含量,其中分施次数和总施加量分别是生物量和Cd含量的关键影响因子; Cd提取量在总施加量585 kg·hm~(-2)分4次施加时最高,为16.78 g·hm~(-2),较CK(不施加GLDA)显著提高275.39%;土壤pH、DOC质量浓度和DTPA-Cd含量与总施加量和分施次数存在显著正相关关系; DOC质量浓度是影响DTPA-Cd含量的主要因素;土壤总Cd含量在总施加量585 kg·hm~(-2)分4次施加时可较种植象草前土壤降低3.23%.因此,在利用象草修复Cd污染农田时,施加GLDA具有重要意义,且需合理选择施加方式.     

Influence of Type and Amount of Straw Cover on Weed Emergence

Abstract

This research was undertaken during 2003–2004 growing season to evaluate the {effects of type [forage sorghum “hybrid Cober Exp” (Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum} sudanense), forage millet (Pennisetum americanum “var. BN2”), finger millet {(Eleusine coracana), and St Lucia grass (Brachiaria brizantha)] and amount of} {straw cover (5.5 and 3.0 t ha}^?1) upon the emergence of Bidens pilosa, Chamaesyce {spp., Amaranthus spp., and Commelina benghalensis, under field conditions of the} {Brazilian Cerrado, in the region of Uberlândia—MG. The control consisted} {additional treatment lacking the straw cover. Emergence of weed depended on the} {type and amount of straw cover, as well as the weed species. The lowest number} {of B. pilosa seedlings was found in the presence of forage sorghum straw;} {Chamaesyce spp. in the lack of straw; Amaranthus spp. in the presence of higher} {amount of forage sorghum and forage millet, and lower amounts of forage millet} {and Finger Millet. All the types and amounts of straw reduced the emergency of} {C. benghalensis, except at the lowest level of St Lucia grass and the lack of straw.     

Consequences of Buffelgrass Pasture Development for Primary Productivity,Perennial Plant Richness,and Vegetation Structure in the Drylands of Sonora,Mexico

Abstract: In large parts of northern Mexico native plant communities are being converted to non‐native buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) pastures, and this conversion could fundamentally alter primary productivity and species richness. In Sonora, Mexico land conversion is occurring at a regional scale along a rainfall‐driven gradient of primary productivity, across which native plant communities transition from desert scrub to thorn scrub. We used a paired sampling design to compare a satellite‐derived index of primary productivity, richness of perennial plant species, and canopy‐height profiles of native plant communities with buffelgrass pastures. We sampled species richness across a gradient of primary productivity in desert scrub and thorn scrub vegetation to examine the influence of site productivity on the outcomes of land conversion. We also examined the influence of pasture age on species richness of perennial plants. Index values of primary productivity were lower in buffelgrass pastures than in native vegetation, which suggests a reduction in primary productivity. Land conversion reduced species richness by approximately 50% at local and regional scales, reduced tree and shrub cover by 78%, and reduced canopy height. Land conversion disproportionately reduced shrub species richness, which reflects the common practice among Sonoran ranchers of conserving certain tree and cactus species. Site productivity did not affect the outcomes of land conversion. The age of a buffelgrass pasture was unrelated to species richness within the pasture, which suggests that passive recovery of species richness to preconversion levels is unlikely. Our findings demonstrate that land conversion can result in large losses of plant species richness at local and regional scales and in substantial changes to primary productivity and vegetation structure, which casts doubt on the feasibility of restoring native plant communities without active intervention on the part of land managers.     

狼尾草根系分泌物对黑土吸附阿特拉津的影响研究

采用批量平衡试验方法,研究狼尾草根系分泌物对黑土吸附阿特拉津的影响.结果用Evolich方程(R2>0.97)和准二级动力学模型(R2>0.99)进行拟合,两者都表现出较好拟合度.用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程描述土壤吸附阿特拉津的过程,其中,Freundlich方程拟合结果较好(R2>0.91),而Langmuir方程中R2<0.60,加入狼尾草根系分泌物后,吸附平衡常数Kf明显减小,参数1/n增大到1左右,属于较难吸附,表明狼尾草根系分泌物对阿特拉津可能有抑制作用,且根系分泌物浓度不同,影响程度不同.