纳米锐钛型TiO2光电催化降解模拟印染废水的研究

纳米锐钛型TiO2催化降解印染废水具有明显优势,笔者以亚甲基蓝模拟印染生产废水作为光电催化降解研究对象,探讨了其协同性和反应动力学特征,考察了光电催化体系中溶液的电解质、电流强度、pH值、辅助试剂对处理效果的影响,确定了最佳反应条件,取得了较好降解效果,并用活性艳红X-3B模拟废水进行了验证,为该技术的实际工业应用提供了有价值的参考.     

水溶性有机物的电子穿梭功能研究

以源于污泥的DOM(dissolved organic matter)为供试材料,以中国希瓦氏菌(Shewanella cinica)D14T为电子转移驱动力,研究了DOM的氧化还原性能与电子穿梭功能.结果表明,污泥DOM可作为末端电子受体接受醌还原菌D14T呼吸链上的电子,从而转变为还原态DOM,而还原态DOM可将电子再次转移给Fe(Ⅲ).经D14T还原后,DOM电子供给量(e-/C)由初始2.2~14μmol.g-1增加到253~347μmol.g-1.循环伏安法与多次还原-氧化循环实验表明,DOM呈现2对明显的氧化还原峰,经3次还原-氧化循环后电子供给量可稳定维持在150~250μmol.g-1之间,说明DOM具有重复利用、反复转移电子的特性.在菌株D14T还原水铁矿的体系中,加入DOM可提高水铁矿的还原溶解速率,其原因是DOM在D14T与水铁矿之间充当了电子穿梭体的角色.这些结果反映了DOM在电子转移反应中的重要性,为DOM的环境属性提出了一个新见解.     

等离子体协同金属氧化物催化氧化苯的研究

以Al2O3和Ag/Al2O3为催化剂,采用介质阻挡放电(DBD)反应器降解空气中低浓度的苯(C6H6),重点考察了苯的转化率、能量效率随能量密度的变化关系.研究发现:苯的氧化产物为一氧化碳(CO)和二氧化碳(CO2),当能量密度为94 J/L时,在催化剂Ag/Al2O3、Al2O3存在以及不使用催化剂的条件下,苯的能量效率分别达到了0.054 mol/kW·h、0.038 mol/kw·h与0.024 mol/kW·h.同时,探讨了国外应用低温等离子体技术处理气体污染物的相关研究成果,并与本研究做了比较.     

波长254 nm和365 nm紫外辐照下活性艳红X-3B的光催化降解动力学研究

以活性艳红X-3B为对象,研究其在不同波段紫外光照射条件下的光催化降解动力学.结果表明,在长波紫外条件下,活性艳红X-3B的降解动力学符合表观一级动力学方程,其反应表观速率常数与光强之间呈对数关系;在短波紫外条件下,活性艳红X-3B的降解动力学可以用二级动力学方程拟合,速率常数与光强之间成正比.通过对比X-3B在2种光源下的降解半衰期发现,在同比条件下,365 nm光源对活性艳红X-3B的降解半衰期为37.263 min,而254 nm光源则下降为0.855 min.短波紫外比长波紫外具有更高的光量子效率,其对X-3B的降解效率也更高.     

污染水中营养物质去除的新技术探讨

从廉价高效的角度出发，介绍了三种去除污染水中N、P等营养物质的新技术：渗透性反应墙、人工湿地、水生附着物-鱼系统，并简要分析了其存在的问题及发展前景。希望通过这次探讨，为污染水净化提供一种新思路。     

Effect of natural aquatic humic substances on the photodegradation of bisphenol A

The photochemical degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) was studied in the presence of natural humic substances from different origins under simulated solar irradiation. BPA underwent insignificant direct photolysis in neutral water, but rapid photosensitized degradation in four humic substances solutions via pseudo-first-order reaction occurred. The photo-degradation rate of BPA was insensitive to the different initial BPA concentrations and was inhibited in aerated solution compared with the deoxygenated medium. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as ·OH and ¹O₂ produced from excitation of humic substances under irradiation was determined from the quenching kinetic experiment using molecular probe. The five main intermediate photoproducts of BPA in Nordic lake fulvic acid (NOFA) were tentatively identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Based on the identification of ROS and the analysis of photoproduct formation, the possible phototransformation pathways of BPA were proposed, involving the direct photolysis due to the energy transfer from the triplet state humic substance (³HS*) to BPA molecules and hydroxyl radical addition and oxidation as well. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(6): 816–820 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Chemical speciation and anthropogenic sources of ambient volatile organic compounds(VOCs)during summer in Beijing,2004

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at six sites in Beijing in August, 2004. Up to 148 VOC species, including C₃ to C₁₂ alkanes, C₃ to C₁₁ alkenes, C₆ to C₁₂ aromatics, and halogenated hydrocarbons, were quantified. Although the concentrations differed at the sites, the chemical compositions were similar, except for the Tongzhou site where aromatics were significantly high in the air. Based on the source profiles measured from previous studies, the source apportionment of ambient VOCs was preformed by deploying the chemical mass balance (CMB) model. The results show that urban VOCs are predominant from mobile source emissions, which contribute more than 50% of the VOCs (in mass concentrations) to ambient air at most sites. Other important sources are gasoline evaporation, painting, and solvents. The exception is at the Tongzhou site where vehicle exhaust, painting, and solvents have about equal contribution, around 35% of the ambient VOC concentration. As the receptor model is not valid for deriving the sources of reactive species, such as isoprene and 1,3-butadiene, other methodologies need to be further explored.     

Photocatalytic decolourization of reactive dyes

The photocatalytic degradation of reactive dyes with solar-irradiated TiO2 was investigated in these experiments which showed that: (1)the decolourization efficiency are determined by pH value, catalyst amount and light intensity; (2) the reactive dyes decolourized rapidly (cleavageld be biologically degradated more easily, the toxicity decreased considerably after photodegradation.The results demonstrated that the photocatalytic process would become an efficient and safe method for colour wastewater treatment and would be very useful for explaining the reaction mechanism and decolourising structure-reactivity relationship. of the azo linkage), but the intermediates needed more time to transform to further degradation products, and finally to produce CO2; (3) the main products were identified to be alkanes and alkyl amines which cou     

金属离子介导活性氧引起DNA氧化损伤及机制研究

应用高效液相色谱 电化学检测技术 ,以及单细胞凝胶电泳技术 ,研究了 11种不同价态金属离子体外诱导核酸 (DNA)氧化损伤产生 8 羟基脱氧鸟苷和DNA链断裂的化学机制 .结果表明 ,能够氧化为高价态的金属离子如Fe2 + 、Cu2 + 、Cr3 + 等能够介导活性氧造成DNA的氧化损伤 ,介导能力呈现Fe2 + Cu2 + >Cr3 + 的顺序 .另外一些金属离子 ,如V3 + 、Ni2 + 、Cd2 + 、Zn2 + 、Co2 + 、Fe3 + 等 ,不能介导核酸氧化损伤形成 8 OH dG加合物及引发DNA断裂 ,但可能诱导核酸链交联的发生 .不同金属离子介导活性氧氧化DNA能力的差异是由其催化Fenton反应及与DNA结合能力的不同引起的