利用生物渗透性反应墙修复地下水Cr(VI)污染的数值模拟

为降低地下水中的Cr (VI)污染,选择生物反应过程中常见的电子供体(糖蜜)和连二亚硫酸盐分别作为渗透性反应墙(PRB)的反应材料和生物杀灭剂,以期能促进生化反应还原Cr (VI)的同时还能阻止生物堵塞效应.采用PFLOTRAN软件模拟以糖蜜为反应材料和连二亚硫酸盐为生物杀灭剂的PRB修复非均质含水层中重金属污染的生物化学反应过程.结果表明,该PRB技术能有效降低Cr (VI)浓度至0.1mg/L以下;提高生物杀灭剂的注入浓度,注入速率以及降低糖蜜初始浓度可避免生物堵塞效应,达到修复Cr (VI)污染与提高PRB使用寿命的双重目标.研究成果可为类似场地地下水重金属污染修复的最优设计方案提供决策依据.     

Non-thermal effects of EMF upon the mammalian brain: the Lund experience

The environment in which biology exists has dramatically changed during the last decades. Life was formed during billions of years, exposed to, and shaped by the original physical forces such as gravitation, cosmic irradiation and the terrestrial magnetism. The existing organisms are created to function in harmony with these forces. However, in the late 19th century mankind introduced the use of electricity and during the very last decades, microwaves of the modern communication society spread around the world. Today one third of the world’s population is owner of the microwave-producing mobile phones. The question is: to what extent are living organisms affected by these ubiquitous radio frequency fields? Since 1988 our group has studied the effects upon the mammalian blood-brain barrier (BBB) by non-thermal radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). These have been revealed to cause significantly increased leakage of albumin through the BBB of exposed rats as compared to non-exposed animals—in a total series of about two thousand animals. One remarkable observation is the fact that the lowest energy levels give rise to the most pronounced albumin leakage. If mobile communication, even at extremely low energy levels, causes the users’ own albumin to leak out through the BBB, also other unwanted and toxic molecules in the blood, may leak into the brain tissue and concentrate in and damage the neurons and glial cells of the brain. In later studies we have shown that a 2-h exposure to GSM 915 MHz at non-thermal levels, gives rise to significant neuronal damage, seen 28 and 50 days after the exposure. In our continued research, the non-thermal effects (histology, memory functions) of long-term exposure for 13 months are studied as well as the effects of short term GSM 1,800 MHz upon gene expression. Most of our findings support that living organisms are affected by the non-thermal radio frequency fields. Studies from other laboratories in some cases find effects, while in other cases effects are not seen. Our conclusion is that all researchers involved in this field have the obligation to intensify this research in order to reduce, or avoid, the possible negative effects of the man made microwaves!     

阴山南麓立体生态屏障体系植物品种的选择

针对阴山南麓地区气候干旱、冬季寒冷、春季风沙大、年降雨量少、水土流失严重的实际，本文选择一些抗性强、能防风固沙、符合当地生态环境实际的优良乔木、灌木和草本植物种类，建立立体绿色生态走廊，营造小气候条件，防止土壤养分流失和水分过量蒸发，增加生物多样性，维持区域生态系统平衡。     

3-甲基-3-丁烯基-1-醇与硫酸/过氧化氢混合溶液的吸收反应研究

应用配置有湿式流动反应管的真空紫外激光单光子电离飞行时间质谱研究了3-甲基-3-丁烯基-1-醇气体在硫酸/过氧化氢混合溶液表面的吸收反应,实验中首次测得了反应的摄取系数,并根据气相产物信息推测了其反应机制.3-甲基-3-丁烯基-1-醇与硫酸/过氧化氢混合溶液的吸收反应速率很快,在ω（H2SO4）为40%～60%范围,摄取系数为2.52×10-4～1.05×10-2.在反应过程的气相收集物中检测出3种气相产物：乙醛、丙酮和3-甲基-3,4-环氧-1-丁醇,由此推测了3-甲基-3-丁烯基-1-醇与H2 SO4/H2 O2混合溶液的非均相反应机制.3-甲基-3,4-环氧-1-丁醇可以经过多步转化形成多羟基化合物,同时生成的醛酮化合物在酸性溶液中可进一步反应,这些对大气二次有机气溶胶的形成起着重要作用.因此,3-甲基-3-丁烯基-1-醇的非均相催化氧化过程可能对二次有机气溶胶的形成有重要贡献.     

Atrazine accumulation and toxic responses in maize Zea mays

Atrazine accumulation, oxidative stress, and defense response in maize seedlings exposed to extraneous atrazine were studied. Accumulation of atrazine in maize increased with increasing exposure concentration. The abscisic acid (ABA) content was positively correlated with the atrazine concentrations in maize roots and shoots (p < 0.05). Hydroxyl radical (·OH) in maize was determined in vivo with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Its intensity was positively correlated with atrazine concentration in roots and shoots (p < 0.05), and higher level of ·OH generated in roots than in shoots corresponded to the major accumulation of atrazine in roots. Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in roots were up-regulated by atrazine exposure at 1 mg/L compared to the control and malondialdehyde content in roots was enhanced when atrazine exposure concentration reached 10 mg/L. These results suggested the exposure and accumulation of atrazine caused oxidative toxicity and antioxidant response in maize.     

Effects of building aspect ratio, diurnal heating scenario, and wind speed on reactive pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons

A photochemistry coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based numerical model has been developed to model the reactive pollutant dispersion within urban street canyons, particularly integrating the interrelationship among diurnal heating scenario (solar radiation affections in nighttime, daytime, and sun-rise/set), wind speed, building aspect ratio (building-height-to-street-width), and dispersion of reactive gases, specifically nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and ozone (O₃) such that a higher standard of air quality in metropolitan cities can be achieved. Validation has been done with both experimental and numerical results on flow and temperature fields in a street canyon with bottom heating, which justifies the accuracy of the current model. The model was applied to idealized street canyons of different aspect ratios from 0.5 to 8 with two different ambient wind speeds under different diurnal heating scenarios to estimate the influences of different aforementioned parameters on the chemical evolution of NO, NO₂ and O₃. Detailed analyses of vertical profiles of pollutant concentrations showed that different diurnal heating scenarios could substantially affect the reactive gases exchange between the street canyon and air aloft, followed by respective dispersion and reaction. Higher building aspect ratio and stronger ambient wind speed were revealed to be, in general, responsible for enhanced entrainment of O₃ concentrations into the street canyons along windward walls under all diurnal heating scenarios. Comparatively, particular attention can be paid on the windward wall heating and nighttime uniform surface heating scenarios.     

渗透反应格栅去除地下水中铵的化学生物联合柱研究

通过柱实验对比研究了天然河沙、沈阳沸石、复合介质(释氧材料和沈阳沸石)作为渗透反应格栅填料修复地下水中铵污染的可行性。结果表明:柱实验运行120孔隙体积(PV)期间,在进水流速为1.8 m/d,铵浓度为6.6~10.3 mg/L的条件下,实验设计的复合介质填充柱对铵去除率达到99%以上。沸石在吸附去除铵的同时,又可作为微生物生长的载体,使铵进一步通过生物硝化作用被去除,实现沸石的生物再生。释氧材料的加入保证了硝化细菌繁殖所需要的溶解氧条件,水经过释氧层后溶解氧含量由2 mg/L增加到6 mg/L以上(最高达到22 mg/L左右)。实验中通过硝化作用去除的铵量占总去除量的74%左右,实现了沸石吸附联合微生物共同作用去除铵,有助于保证反应柱长期高效地去除地下水中铵污染。     

Fenton氧化技术处理印染废水的试验研究

采用Fenton试剂对含分散红E-4B和活性艳兰KN-R染料组成的模拟印染废水进行氧化处理,考察了H2O2和Fe2＋浓度、pH、反应时间等因素对去除效果的影响。在H2O2投加量为5.0ml/L,Fe-SO4.7H2O投量为1.1g/L,pH为3,反应25min后静置5min的条件下,初始COD为700mg/L,色度为1200倍的废水的COD去除率可达到95%,脱色率达97%。结果表明,Fenton试剂对该废水可以起到很好的处理效果。     

介质阻挡放电产生臭氧的特性研究

臭氧由于具有强氧化性,在众多领域已经得到了广泛的应用。本文通过试验研究了介质阻挡放电产生臭氧的特性。结果表明:外加电压增大时,臭氧浓度和产速都不断增大,臭氧产率则是先增长,达到最大值后又开始略微下降;气体流速增大时,臭氧浓度不断减小,而臭氧产速和产率都是先增长,达到最大值后又开始下降;电源频率在5.0～9.9kHz范围内改变时,臭氧浓度、产速和产率变化不明显;当电介质厚度不变时,在0.3～0.5mm范围内改变间隙厚度,小间隙厚度优势不明显。     

如何建立公路声屏障产品质量控制体系

笔者通过对国内公路声屏障产品质量的关注,深入剖析产生产品质量问题的内在原因及外部环境。提出建立公路声屏障产品质量控制体系的思路与实施方法,供大家一起探讨和完善。