海洋卡盾藻日本株过氧化氢产生的影响因素

对海洋卡盾藻日本株(Chattonella marina Japan,CMJP)在不同盐度、营养盐条件及不同生长期的过氧化氢产生特点进行了研究.结果表明:H2O2浓度峰值出现在CMJP对数生长期(4~8d),以第6d达到最大,为0.97×10-4nmol/cell.在N:P为8:1和16:1的情况下,CMJP生长较快,藻细胞在对数生长末期之前一直保持较高密度.CMJP产生的H2O2量与藻类生长呈现出一定的相反趋势,在藻细胞适宜生长的N:P下,产生的H2O2浓度较小.在N:P为16:1时单个藻细胞的H2O2量最低(0.40×10-4nmol/cell),仅是N:P为32:1时(1.17 ×10-4nmol/cell)的1/3,N:P为8:1时,单个藻细胞的H2O2浓度为0.63 ×10-4nmol/cell. CMJP在盐度为20,25psu时生长较好且藻细胞达到较高密度,在盐度为10,15,30psu时藻密度较低,表明低盐和高盐条件均不利于CMJP的生长.盐度对CMJP过氧化氢的产量有一定的影响,在高盐度下单个藻细胞的H2O2产量增加,盐度为30psu时,H202浓度最高(1.1×10-4nmol/cell).     

Effect of viscosity, basicity and organic content of composite flocculant on the decolorization performance and mechanism for reactive dyeing wastewater

A coagulation/flocculation process using the composite flocculant polyaluminum chloride-epichlorohydrin dimethylamine (PAC-EPI-DMA) was employed for the treatment of an anionic azo dye (Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP dye). The effect of viscosity (ηup), basicity (B = [OH]/[Al]) and organic content (W_P) on the flocculation performance as well as the mechanism of PAC-EPI-DMA flocculant were investigated. The ηup was the key factor affecting the dye removal efficiency of PAC-EPI-DMA. PAC-EPI-DMA with an intermediate ηup (2400 mPa.sec) gave higher decolorization efficiency by adsorption bridging and charge neutralization due to the co-effect of PAC and EPI-DMA polymers. The W_P of the composite flocculant was a minor important factor for the flocculation. The adsorption bridging of PAC-EPI-DMA with ηup of 300 or 4300 mPa.sec played an important role with the increase of W_P, whereas the charge neutralization of them was weaker with the increase of W_P. There was interaction between W_P and B on the removal of reactive dye. The composite flocculant with intermediate viscosity and organic content was effective for the treatment of reactive dyeing wastewater, which could achieve high reactive dye removal efficiency with low organic dosage.     

煅烧阴离子粘土(LDO)对低浓度活性艳橙X-GN的吸附研究

以不同Mg/Al比(物质的量比)的合成阴离子粘土为原料,在500℃条件下煅烧制备了煅烧阴离子粘土(LDO),研究其对低浓度活性艳橙X-GN的吸附行为,并用XRD、FTIR、XRF、BET等对LDO进行表征,通过研究解吸行为验证其吸附机理.实验表明,Mg/Al比为4∶1的LDO的吸附效果比2∶1的LDO好,Mg/Al比为...     

改性凹凸棒土覆盖抑制底泥磷释放的影响和效果

采用等温吸附实验和动力学实验,考察了改性凹土对磷酸盐的吸附特性.研究了无覆盖层、沙土覆盖和改性凹土覆盖对底泥总磷释放的抑制效果,并分析了不同覆盖层厚度、温度和粒径等因素对改性凹土抑制底泥总磷释放的影响.研究结果表明：Freundlich方程式能较好地描述改性凹土对磷酸盐的等温吸附行为,可决系数R2在0.98以上;改性凹...     

臭氧高级氧化技术预处理染料废水的试验研究

研究单独臭氧氧化和过氧化氢/臭氧联合作用对去除难降解染料废水CODcr、色度,提高可生化性的效果,并考察不同pH值、不同初始污染物浓度、H2O2投加量等对染料废水活性艳红X-3B处理效果的影响。实验结果表明：臭氧氧化对CODcr去除率达到50.00%,对色度的去除率接近100%,B/C由原水的0.0 507上升到0.2 768;废水在pH值为11时处理效果最好;而过氧化氢/臭氧联合作用的最佳摩尔比为0.6。     

Examining crash injury severity and barrier-hit outcomes from cable barriers and strong-post guardrails on Alabama’s interstate highways

Introduction: This study investigates the impact of several risk factors (i.e., roadway, driver, vehicle, environmental, and barrier-specific characteristics) on the injury severity resulting from barrier-related crashes and also on barrier-hit outcomes (i.e., vehicle containment, vehicle redirection, and barrier penetration). A total of 1,685 barrier-related crashes, which occurred on three major interstate highways (I-65, I-85, and I-20) in the state of Alabama, were collected for a seven-year period (2010–2016), and all relevant information from the police reports was reviewed. Features that were rarely explored before (e.g., median width, barrier length, barrier offset or lateral position, left shoulder width, blockout type, and number of cables) were also collected and examined. Two types of longitudinal barriers were analyzed: high-tension cable barriers installed on medians and strong-post guardrails installed on medians and/or roadsides. Method: Two separate mixed logit (MXL) models were used to analyze crash injury severity in median and roadside barrier-related crashes. Two additional MXL models were separately adopted for median and roadside barrier-related crashes to estimate the probability of three barrier-hit outcomes (vehicle containment, vehicle redirection, and barrier penetration). Results: The results of crash injury severity MXL models showed that, for both median and roadside barrier crashes, barrier penetration, female drivers, and driver fatigue were associated with a higher probability of injury or fatal crashes. The results of barrier-hit MXL models showed that longer barrier length, Brifen cable barrier system, and barrier lateral position were significant predictors of median barrier-hit outcomes, whereas dark lighting condition, driving under the influence (DUI), presence of curved freeway sections, and right shoulder width significantly contributed to roadside barrier-hit outcomes. Conclusions: The MXL model succeeded in identifying several contributing factors of crash severity and barrier-hit outcomes along Alabama’s interstate highways. Practical applications: One study application is to design longer barrier run length (greater than 1230 feet or 0.2 miles) to reduce the barrier penetration likelihood.     

释氧渗透反应格栅填料的改进研究

释氧材料的性能是释氧格栅能否经济有效地应用到地下水原位修复中的关键因素。作者在前人研究的基础上,通过在一般的释氧材料中加入膨润土而使释氧材料的性能得到明显的改善。这种释氧材料释氧速率平缓,释氧时间长,总释氧量大,是一种能有效应用到释氧格栅中的改进释氧材料。实验数据表明,在天然地下水的作用下,该材料持续释氧约1a后,水中的溶解氧还能保持在15mg/L左右;把本材料引入地下水中不会显著改变地下水环境的pH值,天然含水层介质能把pH值缓冲到一个中性的环境。     

地下水原位治理的渗透性反应墙技术

渗透性反应墙是地下水污染原位治理领域中的一类新型高效技术,其机理是借助充填于墙内的、针对不同污染物质的不同反应材料与污染物质进行化学反应与生物降解,达到污染物去除的目的。本文系统介绍了地下水原位治理渗透性反应墙技术的结构组成、类型、工作机理,对其安装过程进行了综合论述,对其存在的问题进行了分析,对其应用发展前景进行了展望,为该技术在国内的实际应用和推广提供一定的参考依据。     

应用消毒剂建立宿轮虫的无菌培养系

以污水生物处理中一种常见的有益微型动物——宿轮虫为对象,进行了应用消毒剂建立宿轮虫的无菌培养系的方法学研究.在对消毒剂次氯酸钠、甲醛及PreventolD7分别作用下的轮虫培养液中宿轮虫卵的孵化率和细菌密度变化趋势分析的基础上,建立了以确保较高的卵孵化率为前提、通过多次的抑菌培养轮虫、使培养液中细菌数量逐渐减少直至消亡、最终获得无菌轮虫的方法,即逐渐减菌方法.该方法与传统的一次性灭菌方法相比,克服了传统方法在轮虫存活率很低的条件下进行无菌化的缺点,因此,可降低对消毒条件的严格要求并提高了成功率.运用逐渐灭菌方法,为确保约50%的卵孵化率,分别使用40μL·L-1甲醛和4μL·L-1 PreventolD7进行48h抑菌培养,经过4次对宿轮虫的抑菌培养,均获得了无菌的宿轮虫种群.实验结果表明,无菌化宿轮虫种群的繁殖速度与未经无菌化的宿轮虫种群相当.     

Degradation of Reactive Yellow 86 with photo-Fenton process driven by solar light

The decolorization of Reactive Yellow 86(RY 86),one of reactive azo dyes,was investigated in the presence of Fenton reagent under solar light irradiation.The decolorization rate was strongly influenced by pH,initial concentrations of H 2 O 2 and Fe(II),and so on.An initial concentration of 40 mg/L was decolored more than 90% after 20 min under optimum conditions.The activation energy of the solar photo-Fenton reaction was 1.50 kJ/mol for RY 86 in the temperature range of 10-60°C.In the kinetic study,the rate constant of RY 86 with OH· radicals could be estimated to be 1.7 × 10 10 L/(mol·sec).The decolorization efficiency of RY 86 under solar light irradiation was comparable to the artificial light irradiation.The decrease of TOC as a result of mineralization of RY 86 was observed during photo-Fenton process.The rate of RY 86 mineralization was about 83% under UV irradiation after 24 hr.The formation of chloride,sulfate,nitrate and ammonium ions as end-products was observed during the photocatalytic process.The decomposition of RY 86 gave two kinds of intermediate products.The degradation mechanism of RY 86 was proposed on the base of the identified intermediates.