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排序方式: 共有821条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
561.
Hideyuki Katsumat Syunya Koike Satoshi Kaneco Tohru Suzuki Kiyohisa Ohta 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(9):1455-1461
The decolorization of Reactive Yellow 86(RY 86),one of reactive azo dyes,was investigated in the presence of Fenton reagent under solar light irradiation.The decolorization rate was strongly influenced by pH,initial concentrations of H 2 O 2 and Fe(II),and so on.An initial concentration of 40 mg/L was decolored more than 90% after 20 min under optimum conditions.The activation energy of the solar photo-Fenton reaction was 1.50 kJ/mol for RY 86 in the temperature range of 10-60°C.In the kinetic study,the rate constant of RY 86 with OH· radicals could be estimated to be 1.7 × 10 10 L/(mol·sec).The decolorization efficiency of RY 86 under solar light irradiation was comparable to the artificial light irradiation.The decrease of TOC as a result of mineralization of RY 86 was observed during photo-Fenton process.The rate of RY 86 mineralization was about 83% under UV irradiation after 24 hr.The formation of chloride,sulfate,nitrate and ammonium ions as end-products was observed during the photocatalytic process.The decomposition of RY 86 gave two kinds of intermediate products.The degradation mechanism of RY 86 was proposed on the base of the identified intermediates. 相似文献
562.
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564.
William H. Collins Dale H. Easley 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(1):1-22
ABSTRACT: Cone-penetrometer testing and computer modeling were utilized to investigate factors controlling fresh-water lens formation at Grand Isle, Louisiana. Measurements of tip resistance, sleeve friction, and electrical conductivity were recorded with depth to permit classification of sediment type and to determine thickness of the fresh-water lens and transition zone. Cone-penetrometer testing provided virtually continuous determinations of change in sediment type and ground-water salinity at a resolution rarely achieved using conventional drilling and water sampling techniques. Three sand bodies are present, each separated by a clay layer. The fresh-water lens is thinner in the center of the island than on the flanks. Fresh-water lens thickness is limited by a clay layer which prohibits downward movement of significant volumes fresh water. The transition zone from fresh water to salt water varies in thickness, being thinnest near the Gulf of Mexico and thickest where silt and clay interfinger with the upper sand. Both the thickness of the fresh-water lens and the shape of the transition zone differ from that predicted by theoretical models. Calibration of STJTRA, a variable-density solute-transport model, indicates that permeability variations are the dominant control on formation of the fresh-water lens. 相似文献
565.
高速公路与城市道路沿线交通噪声对环境的污染分析 总被引:34,自引:0,他引:34
在我国一些中心大城市,道路交通量迅猛增长,交通污染的问题也日益突出。本文主要阐述了交通噪声对道路沿线环境污染的危害,并提出了降噪为主要目标的综合治理的方法以及措施:采用多孔隙低噪声沥青路面,设置声屏障以及在道路两侧设置绿化带降噪声等, 相似文献
566.
为了研究低温等离子体降解有机废气过程中产生的二次有机副产物的形成机理及其影响因素,以介质阻挡放电(DBD)产生的低温等离子体降解氮中甲苯气体为研究对象,利用质子转移反应飞行时间质谱仪(PTR-TOF-MS)实时在线检测降解尾气中有机副产物的成分及其浓度,分析了二次有机副产物形成的机理,探讨了影响二次有机副产物生成的关键因素.研究发现,氮中甲苯低温等离子体降解尾气中主要的有机副产物为HCN和CH3CN,其浓度与待降解甲苯的平均可资用能有关.由平均可资用能的测试分析可知,在DBD有机物降解装置、电源输入功率、降解气体流量等参数确定的情况下,待降解有机物存在一个浓度极值,大于该浓度极值将使得降解尾气中有机副产物的浓度明显增加.在低温等离子体降解装置参数确定的情况下,控制待降解有机物的浓度是减少有副产物产生的有效手段和方法. 相似文献
567.
声屏障高度对高铁(客运专线)降噪效果的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探究声屏障高度对高速铁路降噪效果的影响,建立了高速铁路声屏障降噪模型.以武广客运专线某试验段为模型参照对象,采用有限元软件ANSYS和声学软件SYSNOISE,对不同条件下不同高度的直立型声屏障的降噪效果进行了仿真模拟.结果表明:列车的运行速度越大,声屏障的降噪作用越不明显;在同一运行工况下,桥梁区段声屏障的降噪效果不如路基区段声屏障.通过MATLAB数值拟合,发现各观测点的声衰减值是与声屏障高度有关的对数函数;随着声屏障高度的增加,声屏障的插入损失不是成线性比例的增加,插入损失函数的增长速率越来越小.在同时考虑降噪需要和声屏障成本的情况下,高速铁路路基区段声屏障的合适高度为3.45~3.95m;桥梁区段声屏障的合适高度在3.15m以上,在高速运行工况下,桥梁区段声屏障的高度还需增加. 相似文献
568.
以活性艳蓝与大黄酸为蒽醌类目标污染物,分析了其经多相类芬顿预处理前后的可生化性及对活性污泥胞外聚合物、胞内物质、脱氢酶活性、脲酶活性、微生物群落的影响.Zahn-Wellens试验表明,活性艳蓝与大黄酸不能被活性污泥有效降解,而经过多相类芬顿预处理后,其呼吸曲线均在内源呼吸线以上,去除率分别达到了84.44%和86.72%.加入蒽醌类污染物后,活性污泥胞外聚合物的三维荧光光谱中,酪氨酸蛋白的吸收峰强度降低,胞内物质的红外光谱中氨基峰变宽;而经多相类芬顿预处理后,对活性污泥特性的影响不明显.加入活性艳蓝与大黄酸后,活性污泥脲酶相对活性仍保持在80%以上,但脱氢酶活性出现了降低,特别是加入大黄酸后,相对活性仅为67.5%左右.同时活性污泥的微生物群落发生了变化,Gram Positive分别由原来的40.15%增大到了47.72%和45.78%,而Gram Negative分别由原来的39.57%减少到37%和37.15%.但加入预处理后的蒽醌类污染物,未对活性污泥的微生物群落造成明显影响. 相似文献
569.
The evaluation of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant metabolites was done in leaf tissues of Azadirachta indica, Butea monosperma, Cassia fistula, Mangifera indica, and Syzygium cumini growing in the Thar Desert, Rajasthan, India. The plants are naturally exposed to drought stress and high temperatures during summer. Enzymatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging mechanisms in plants include superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase, and non-enzymatic antioxidants including the carotenoids, proline, and vitamin C were studied. The strategies to cope up with ROS under these extreme conditions are plant-specific. The highest activity of APX was found in M. indica (13.6?±?2.4?units?g?1 fresh wt.). A. indica exhibited maximum guaiacol peroxidase activity (0.024?±?0.006?units?min?g?1 fresh wt.), while S. cumini showed maximum SOD (12.5?±?2.3?units?g?1 fresh wt.) and catalase activities (6.9?±?2.2?units?g?1 fresh wt.). M. indica and S. cumini have been found to be more potent antioxidant systems among the studied plants. 相似文献
570.
Camptothecin (CPT), a broad spectrum antineoplastic agent, is known to induce oxidative stress and mitochondria are among the main sources of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). We investigated the merit of vitamins E and C supplementation on CPT-induced mitochondrial alterations in vitro. Following treatment of isolated liver mitochondria with CPT, we assessed the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MPT), concentration of malondialdehyde, antioxidants and activities of the enzymes of the respiratory chain and Krebs cycle. Our results provide evidence that CPT caused mitochondrial swelling, increased lipid peroxidation and transition of mitochondrial permeability. The CPT lowered the levels of reduced mitochondrial thiols suggesting that thiol oxidation is the mechanism underlying CPT-induced MPT. Identical experiments were also performed after preincubating the mitochondria with vitamins E and C. It was found that vitamins E and C pretreatment inhibited the deleterious effects of CPT and loss of enzyme activity was restored by antioxidant supplementation. Our results suggest that the toxicity of CPT was mediated by an increase in ROS production by mitochondria. However, the addition of vitamins E or C ameliorated the oxidative stress. We propose that an attempt to counteract the deleterious consequences of chemotherapy with nutritional therapies may be a rational approach in superior patient care especially in a disease like cancer. 相似文献