流动沙丘上生态垫防风固沙效果初步评价

北京及其周边地区分布的大量裸露沙荒地是北京近年来沙尘暴频发的主要沙源之一,而增加其地表覆盖状况则是遏止就地扬沙起尘的有效措施之一。以北京西北部河北宣化黄羊滩为例,对流动沙丘上铺设生态垫并栽植灌木的防风固沙效果进行了初步研究。研究结果表明,与沙柳沙障相比,生态垫确实可以降低近地表的输沙率,提高生态垫下土壤的养分含量,一定程度上提高柠条的地径和高度,可见生态垫是一种很好的促进流沙固定和植被恢复的地表覆盖材料;与其它两种生态垫铺设方式(品字状和带状)相比,全铺可以显著降低近地表的输沙率,提高其下土壤的养分含量,但柠条的生长状况却略差,这可能与全铺降低了小雨入渗的可能性有关;就两种部分铺设的方式而言,无论从降低近地表的输沙率还是促进柠条的生长上来看,品字状都明显优于带状。从生态和经济的角度综合考虑,品字状铺设显然是该区域流沙防治措施中较好的选择。     

Effects of Road Fencing on Population Persistence

Abstract:  Roads affect animal populations in three adverse ways. They act as barriers to movement, enhance mortality due to collisions with vehicles, and reduce the amount and quality of habitat. Putting fences along roads removes the problem of road mortality but increases the barrier effect. We studied this trade-off through a stochastic, spatially explicit, individual-based model of population dynamics. We investigated the conditions under which fences reduce the impact of roads on population persistence. Our results showed that a fence may or may not reduce the effect of the road on population persistence, depending on the degree of road avoidance by the animal and the probability that an animal that enters the road is killed by a vehicle. Our model predicted a lower value of traffic mortality below which a fence was always harmful and an upper value of traffic mortality above which a fence was always beneficial. Between these two values the suitability of fences depended on the degree of road avoidance. Fences were more likely to be beneficial the lower the degree of road avoidance and the higher the probability of an animal being killed on the road. We recommend the use of fences when traffic is so high that animals almost never succeed in their attempts to cross the road or the population of the species of concern is declining and high traffic mortality is known to contribute to the decline. We discourage the use of fences when population size is stable or increasing or if the animals need access to resources on both sides of the road, unless fences are used in combination with wildlife crossing structures. In many cases, the use of fences may be beneficial as an interim measure until more permanent measures are implemented.     

新型地下水及设施的污染控制技术

利用核辐射法治理生物堵塞地下水井,在众多有希望的辐射净水技术中被证明是成功的和具有明显经济效益的工艺方法。描述了此项技术在德国、捷克、美国和俄国的应用和获得的经验．利用核辐射水力屏障法成功地就地净化了被氰化物污染的地下水,使出水中的氰化物浓度降低了一数量级。     

氧化铁光催化降解活性染料的研究

用NaOH和Fe(NO3)3·9H2O共沉淀法制备Fe2O3的前驱体,分别在350℃,550℃,700℃烧结得到α-Fe2O3催化剂.通过对3种活性染料的降解实验,探讨了光照和光照时间的影响,比较了不同烧结温度下所得催化剂光催化活性的大小,得出350℃烧结的催化剂光催化活性最好.     

沙颖河流域降雨径流污染预报模型的研究

在淮河上游河颖河流域的研究区域内布站设点，获取数据资料，建立出口断面的水质预报模型，在降雨径流污染方面作了有益的探索，获取的实主以此所 水质预报模式具有一定的实用价值。     

Bow-tie模型分析在乙烯球罐区的应用实践

针对乙烯球罐区属于一级重大危险源和高风险重点监控区域的特点,将Bow-tie模型分析方法引入到乙烯球罐区的风险管理中,通过识别危险因素和初始事件,确定乙烯泄漏为顶上事件,定性分析了导致乙烯球罐泄漏的原因和后果,设置有针对性的预防和减缓屏障,验证了各屏障的有效性,提出针对性的措施,实现Bow-tie模型分析方法在乙烯球罐区风险管控的成功运用。     

Sequential fractionation of reactive phosphorus in the sediment of a shallow eutrophic lake——Donghu Lake, China

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非平衡等离子体资源化烟气脱硫实验研究

以模拟烟气为研究对象,对影响非平衡等离子体脱硫效率的因素进行了研究。通过多因素正交实验,分析因子的主次,获得了使脱硫率较高的各因素的最优组合。并进一步研究了以下几个对脱硫率有重要影响的因素:外加电压、含水量、停留时间。通过单因素实验分析这些因素对脱硫率的影响,得出单个因素对脱硫率影响的变化曲线。实验结果表明,当含氧量为21%(V/V),电源频率为12.5kHz,外加电压为3.5kV,含水量为2.1%,停留时间为0.85s时,脱硫效率可以达到80%以上。     

深汕高速公路西段声屏障工程

针对深汕高速公路沿线两所小学噪声敏感点的防护措施，介绍了声屏障的方案及结构设计，和对声学效果检测和工程造价进行分析探讨，并提出若干建议。     

环境（非关税）贸易壁垒的发展趋势与我国企业的对策

根据国际贸易中的绿争贸易争端分析了绿色贸易壁垒的发展趋势。我国即将加入WTO，作者基于这一现实提出了我国企业在加入WTO后冲破绿色壁垒的七点对策。