安全栅在化工安全生产中的应用

简要介绍了安全栅的分类、工作原理、在化工安全生产中的应用及注意事项。     

Oxidative stress and apoptosis of Carassius auratus lymphocytes induced by nonplanar （PCB153） and coplanar （PCB169） polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in vitro

Among all the 209 kinds of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners, nonplanar and coplanar PCB congeners have di erent levels of toxicity on mammal cells such as neuronal cells, but little is known about their toxicity on fish cells although PCB congeners usually have high bioaccumulation abilities in the detected fish bodies. This study showed that 2,2’,4,4’,5,5’-hexacholorbiphenyl (PCB153, nonplanar congener) and 3,3’,4,4’,5,5’-hexacholorbiphenyl (PCB169, coplanar congener) caused apoptosis on the isolated crucian carp (Carassius auratus) lymphocytes and the induced cytotoxicity was structure-dependent. According to the laser confocal microscope observations, apoptosis was clearly distinguished by condensation of nucleus, shrinkage and formation of apoptotic bodies. DNA fragmentation was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. These typical morphological and biochemical characteristics indicate the occurrence of apoptosis on fish lymphocytes. According to the flow cytometry analysis, after the cells were exposed to 10 mol/L PCBs for 3 h, the apoptotic percentage induced by PCB153 was 23.41%, while that induced by PCB169 was even higher (31.03%). Furthermore, incubating PCBs with fish lymphocytes enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), clearly indicating the presence of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Our data also demonstrate that the di erent cytotoxic e ects induced by coplanar and nonplanar PCBs were correlated with their structural characteristics and the coplanar congener was more cytotoxic than nonplanar congener. This study suggests that cytotoxicity mechanisms of the PCB congeners on fish lymphocytes depend on their planarity and chemical structures.     

Determination of photochemically-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in natural water

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be produced by interactions between sunlight and light-absorbing substances in natural water environment. ROS may participate in the indirect photolysis of trace organic pollutants, therefore resulting in the changing of their environmental fates and ecological risks in natural water system. Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, exits widely in natural water. The photodegradation of BPA promoted by ROS (·OH, 1O2, HO2·/O2·-) which were produced on the excitation of ubiquitous constituents (such as nitrate ion, humic substances and Fe(III)-oxalate complexes) in natural water under simulated solar radiation was investigated. Both molecular probe method and electron spin resonance (ESR) test were used for the determine the characterization of generated ROS. It was found that ·OH was photochemically produced with the presence of nitrate ion, humic substances and Fe(III)-oxalate complexes and 1O2 was produced with the presence of humic substances. The steady-state concentrations of ·OH was 1.27×10-14 mol/L in nitrate ion, and the second-order rate constant of BPA with ·OH was 1.01×1010L/( mol·s).     

Determination of photochemically-generated reactive oxygen species in natural water

Reactive oxygen species(ROS) can be produced by interactions between sunlight and light-absorbing substances in natural water environment.ROS may participate in the indirect photolysis of trace organic pollutants,therefore resulting in changes in their environmental fates and ecological risks in natural water systems.Bisphenol A(BPA),an endocrine-disrupting chemical,exits widely in natural waters.The photodegradation of BPA promoted by ROS(.OH,1O2,HO2./O2·-),which were produced on the excitation of ubiquito...     

微囊藻毒素产生过程中磷素行为与作用研究

通过培养实验考察了微囊藻生长过程中磷素的吸收利用情况,研究了可溶解性正磷酸盐对产毒微囊藻生长状况及几种不同磷形态在不同浓度下对微囊毒素产率的影响.结果表明,可溶性反应磷浓度的增加可以促进微囊藻生长,磷浓度为0.55mg.L-1更适宜微囊藻生长,不超过0.55 mg.L-1的磷对微囊藻产毒有促进作用,无磷时产毒率最低,而...     

针-板式介质阻挡放电降解土壤中对硝基苯酚研究

采用针-板式介质阻挡放电(DBD)产生低温等离子体降解土壤中对硝基苯酚(PNP),考察了放电电压、载气气量、土壤含水率以及土壤pH值对土壤中PNP降解效果的影响。结果表明:针-板式DBD对土壤中PNP有良好的降解效果。在PNP初始浓度400mg/kg,放电电压18 kV条件下,放电处理60 min,PNP降解率达到87.3%。增加放电电压和含水率均能提高降解率。不通入载气,也有较好的降解效果。碱性条件有利于PNP降解。     

介质阻挡放电降解异味物质CS_2研究

采用介质阻挡放电降解二硫化碳(CS2)模拟废气,考察了外加气体空气、氮气(N2)、电源输入功率、初始浓度和停留时间对CS2转化率的影响。结果表明:CS2的去除率呈现空气>N2。在输入功率63 W,停留时间为5.34 s,CS2的初始浓度300 mg/m3,N2氛围下的去除效率为36.9%,而空气氛围下的去除效率可达62.5%。在N2与空气氛围下其产物明显不同,在空气氛围下,主要产物为SO2、COS、CO和CO2;而在N2氛围下其主要产物为大量单质硫、少量CO与CO2。对DBD降解CS2的机理分析表明,在N2条件下主要是高能电子与紫外光的作用;而在有空气条件下,O2的存在促进了CS2的深度氧化。     

河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)扰动对湖泊沉积物性质及磷迁移的影响

为探讨河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)扰动对湖泊沉积物性质及磷在沉积物-水界面迁移转化过程,以太湖西岸富营养化湖区大浦口为对象,开展室内培养实验,利用Rhizon间隙水采集器获取实时间隙水,测定溶解活性磷(soluble reactive phosphorus,SRP)在沉积物-水界面通量、分析沉积物基本性...     

Coupling of zero valent iron and biobarriers for remediation of trichloroethylene in groundwater

This study attempted to construct a three series barrier system to treat high concentrations of trichloroethylene (TCE; 500 mg/L) in synthetic groundwater. The system consisted of three reactive barriers using iron fillings as an iron-based barrier in the first column, sugarcane bagasse mixed with anaerobic sludge as an anaerobic barrier in the second column, and a biofilm coated on oxygen carbon inducer releasing material as an aerobic barrier in the third column. In order to evaluate the extent of removal of TCE and its metabolites in the aquifer down gradient of the barrier system, a fourth column filled with sand was applied. Residence time of the system was investigated by a bromide tracer test. The results showed that residence time in the column system of the control set and experimental set were 23.62 and 29.99 days, respectively. The e ciency of the three series barrier system in removing TCE was approximately 84% in which the removal e ciency of TCE by the iron filling barrier, anaerobic barrier and aerobic barrier were 42%, 16% and 25%, respectively. cis-Dichloroethylene (cis-DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), ethylene and chloride ions were observed as metabolites following TCE degradation. The presence of chloride ions in the e uent from the column system indicated the degradation of TCE. However, cis-DCE and VC were not fully degraded by the proposed barrier system which suggested that another remediation technology after the barrier treatment such as air sparging and adsorption by activated carbon should be conducted.     

Role of quantum dots nanoparticles in the chemical treatment of colored wastewater: Catalysts or additional pollutants

The objective of the study was to investigate the presence and the activity of quantum dots nanoparticles in colored wastewaters. The special interest is devoted to the investigation of their role in the typical treatment of water or wastewater, studying their influence on the effectiveness of applied treatments methods. The standard chemical processes for water treatment and disinfection (direct UV photolysis and direct ozonation) were applied for the degradation of colored organic pollutant, reactive azo dye, in the presence/absence of CdSe/ZnS core-shells quantum dots. The obtained results indicated that investigated nanoparticles inhibit the overall efficiency of applied processes, especially in the case of direct UV photolysis, although catalytic effect might be expected in part due to the semiconductor nature of quantum dots. Such results lead to a conclusion that CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles behave as additional pollutants in the system. They should be removed from the system prior the treatment, because their presence could decrease the efficiency, i.e., prolong the time of treatment and correspondingly increase the costs of the treatment process.