气中电晕放电对水中苯酚的氧化

讨论了一种新的去除水中有害有机分子的方法：在水溶液中形成低温等离子体电晕放电，产生具有化学活性的粒子扩散到水中，氧化水中的有机物，在本实验中用的是苯酚。实验测量了这种情况下的脉冲电晕放电的电压和电流波形图，讨论了自由基捕获剂的存在对溶液COD的影响和pH值对降解率的影响，并用气相色谱仪在吸收波长为210nm处测定脉冲电晕放电处理后的苯酚溶液的色谱图。     

苯酚,糖醇及甲醛的吸附与脱附的研究

本文研究了水中苯酚，糖醇及甲醛在ＮＫＡ树脂上的吸附平衡，发现了各组份之间的竞争吸附特点，以及苯酚脱附过程中受到其它二组份的影响情况。     

Influence of phenol on ammonia removal in an intermittent aeration bioreactor treating biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater

A laboratory-scale intermittent aeration bioreactor was investigated to treat biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater that was mainly composed of NH_3-N and phenol.The results showed that increasing phenol loading had an adverse effect on NH_3-N removal;the concentration in effluent at phenol loading of 40 mg phenol/(L·day) was 7.3 mg/L, 36.3%of that at 200 mg phenol/(L·day). The enzyme ammonia monooxygenase showed more sensitivity than hydroxylamine oxidoreductase to the inhibitory effect of phenol, with32.2% and 10.5% activity inhibition, respectively at 200 mg phenol/(L·day). Owing to intermittent aeration conditions, nitritation-type nitrification and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification(SND) were observed, giving a maximum SND efficiency of 30.5%.Additionally, ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB) and denitrifying bacteria were the main group identified by fluorescent in situ hybridization. However, their relative abundance represented opposite variations as phenol loading increased, ranging from 30.1% to 17.5%and 7.6% to 18.2% for AOB and denitrifying bacteria, respectively.     

Noncatalytic liquefaction of tar with low-temperature hydrothermal treatment

Water at hydrothermal and supercritical conditions is considered a promising solvent for the degradation of hazardous waste into harmless compounds. Tar liquefaction experiments were conducted using a batch-type reactor at temperatures between 623 K and 673 K and at pressures between 25 and 40 MPa. A reaction mechanism for tar liquefaction is proposed. Moreover, on the basis of the experimental results, this method could become an efficient method for tar liquefaction, producing high yields of valuable chemical intermediates.     

Development,validation and application of a method to analyze phenols in water samples by solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography-flame ionization detector

In this work the development, validation and application of method using Solid Phase Microexctration (SPME) for the analyses of five pollutants (phenol, 2-nitrophenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 4-chloro, 3-methyl phenol) in supplying water, using gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detector (FID) is described. The optimal conditions obtained for SPME were: fiber type: Poliacrylate (PA); extraction time: 40 minutes; extraction temperature: 70°C; amount of salt added to sample (NaCl): 15%; desorption temperature: 8 minutes. The parameters studied in the method validation were: limit of detection (0.3 and 3.5 μ g.L^{? 1}); precision, measured by the variation coefficient (between 2.1 and 8.8%); calibration curve and linearity, by using the external standardization method (between 1 and 50 50 μ g.L^{? 1}). After the methodology development, samples of water collected in Atibaia River (São Paulo - Brazil) were analyzed, using the optimized methodology. Three water samples collected in the rain season showed a peak with retention time close to 4-chloro, 3 methyl phenol further analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the identity confirmation. In spite of the fact that none target compounds were found in the river water samples analyzed, the presence of two phenols different from those investigated (p-terc butyl phenol; butylated hydroxytoluene) were detected. These results together with the results of the limit of detection (that showed to be lower than the maximum concentration of phenols demanded by different environment control agencies), and the results of the validation, indicate the applicability of this method for the analysis of selected phenols in river water samples.     

酚类、醇类抑制斜生栅列藻生长的毒性效应

以生物监测方法，利用国际标准指示生物斜生栅列藻研究酚及其衍生物和丁醇其异构体的急性毒性规律。试验表明，苯酚衍生物的毒性比母体强得多，而后者的毒性比丁醇及异构体更大。     

MnFe2O4 nanoparticles as new catalyst for oxidative degradation of phenol by peroxydisulfate

Manganese ferrite nanopowder was prepared by thermal decomposition at 400°C of the gel synthesized from manganese and iron nitrates and polyvinyl alcohol. X-ray diffractometry evidenced that manganese ferrite was formed as single crystalline phase at this temperature. Scanning electron microscope images evidenced the formation of very fine spherical particles(d 11 nm) of manganese ferrite, with specific surface area of 147 m~2/g.The powder obtained at 400°C was used as a catalyst for the oxidative degradation of phenol in aqueous solutions, in the presence of potassium peroxydisulfate as oxidant. High phenol removal efficiencies above 90% were reached at: pH 3–3.5, phenol initial concentration around 50 mg/L, peroxydisulfate:phenol mass ratio 10:1, and catalyst dose 3 g/L. Total organic carbon measurements showed that the degradation of phenol goes, under these conditions, to mineralization in an extent of 60%.     

焦化废水处理中酚、氰降解细菌的分离选育

针对焦化废水为含酚、氰废水的特性，从焦化厂处理焦化废水的活性污泥和油泥中分离出能降解酚的细菌7株，降解氰的细菌8株，并对其降解能力进行了测定，结果表明，当酚浓度为150mg/L，经6h处理后0512菌株对酚的去除率达96．84％，当CN^-浓度为25mg/L经8h处理后，0501菌株对CN^-的去除率达99．96％。     

Fenton试剂处理苯酚废水的研究

利用Fenton试剂对吉林某化工厂产生的苯酚废水进行试验研究,探讨了H2O2、FeSO4·7H2O、pH值、反应时间等因素对苯酚废水中COD去除效果的影响。结果表明：Fenton试剂处理苯酚废水时,受到影响因素的作用大小顺序为H2O2〉FeSO4·7H2O〉pH〉反应时间。并确定Fenton处理此类苯酚废水时最佳的运行条件为：H2O2=8mL／L,FeSO4·7H2O=1．5g／L,pH=3．5,反应时间为40min,且此条件下COD去除率为79％。     

Combined biological and photocatalytic treatment for the mineralization of phenol in water

Phenol is degraded by biological treatment, however mineralization requires long time. To decrease the time and operational cost necessary for the mineralization of phenol, an optimum operation condition of the combined biological–photocatalytical treatment was investigated. The mineralization of phenol (50 mg l⁻¹) was conducted in a flow-type biomembrane tank combined with a batch-type TiO₂-suspended photocatalytic reactor. Phenol was degraded biologically to the concentration of 6.8 mg l⁻¹, an effective concentration for further photocatalytic treatment. After the biological treatment, the biotreated phenol was treated photocatalytically to complete the mineralization of phenol. The combined treatment shortened the mineralization time compared to the biological treatment and electric cost compared to the photocatalytic treatment only. The combined treatment may be suitable for a short-time mineralization of phenol in wastewater.