Numerical simulation of the thermal inertia of an adiabatic reaction calorimeter in reaction thermal safety process

Obtaining accurate thermal risk assessment parameters of chemical processes and substance properties is essential for improving the safety of chemical production and substance use and storage, and the adiabatic reaction calorimeter (ARC) has been employed by many researchers for this purpose. However, with the improvement and upgrading of the instrument, an examination of the factors that affect its detection accuracy is warranted. A simplified reaction model of the adiabatic thermal decomposition of tert-butyl peroxyacetate was constructed using computational fluid dynamics in which the adiabatic thermal decomposition kinetic model and fluid-solid coupling model were combined to simulate heat transfer. To verify the reliability of the parameters of the numerical calculation model, the effects of the sample cell's material, wall thickness, and mass were investigated in relation to the thermal inertia of the ARC. The results indicated that the thermal inertia of the system was lowest when the sample cell was composed of titanium. When the sample pool's composition is determined, the thermal inertia of the system can be reduced to a certain extent through an approximate increase in the sample mass. Finally, an analysis of the heat flow cloud diagram of the wall of sample pools made from different materials revealed that the thermal conductivity of titanium was high; this information can assist in controlling the adiabatic process.     

Analysis and characterization of cultivable heavy metal-resistant bacterial endophytes isolated from Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. and their potential use for phytoremediation

This study investigates the heavy metal-resistant bacterial endophytes of Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. grown on a mine tailing by using cultivation-dependent technique. Thirty Cd-tolerant bacterial endophytes were isolated from roots, stems, and leaves of S. nigrum L. and classified by amplified ribosomal DNA-restriction analysis into 18 different types. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that these isolates belonged to four groups: Actinobacteria (43%), Proteobacteria (23%), Bacteroidetes (27%) and Firmicutes (7%). All the isolates were then characterized for their plant growth promoting traits as well as their resistances to different heavy metals; and the actual plant growth promotion and colonization ability were also assessed. Four isolates were re-introduced into S. nigrum L. under Cd stress and resulted in Cd phytotoxicity decrease, as dry weights of roots increased from 55% to 143% and dry weights of above-ground from 64% to 100% compared to the uninoculated ones. The total Cd accumulation of inoculated plants increased from 66% to 135% (roots) and from 22% to 64% (above-ground) compared to the uninoculated ones. Our research suggests that bacterial endophytes are a most promising resource and may be the excellent candidates of bio-inoculants for enhancing the phytoremediation efficiency.     

Effect of pyrene on denitrification activity and abundance and composition of denitrifying community in an agricultural soil

Toxicity of pyrene on the denitrifiers was studied by spiking an agricultural soil with pyrene to a series of concentrations (0-500 mg kg⁻¹) followed by dose-response and dynamic incubation experiments. Results showed a positive correlation between potential denitrification activity and copy numbers of denitrifying functional genes (nirK, nirS and nosZ), and were both negatively correlated with pyrene concentrations. Based on the comparison of EC₅₀ values, denitrifiers harboring nirK, nirS or nosZ gene were more sensitive than denitrification activity, and denitrifiers harboring nirS gene were more sensitive than that harboring nirK or nosZ genes. Seven days after spiking with EC₅₀ concentration of pyrene, denitrifiers diversity decreased and community composition changed in comparison with the control. Phylogenetic analyses of three genes showed that the addition of pyrene increased the proportion of Bradyrhizobiaceae, Rhodospirillales, Burkholderiales and Pseudomonadales. Some species belonging to these groups were reported to be able to degrade PAHs.     

INERTIA AND RECOVERY: AN APPROACH TO STREAM CLASSIFICATION AND STRESS EVALUATION1

ABSTRACT: The concepts of inertia and elasticity were applied to existing fish data from Conowingo Creek. It was determined that these two concepts could form the foundation for a stream classification system based on the structure and function of fish communities. Inertia appears to be more useful for predicting the effects of potential stress than elasticity (a stress must first occur before elasticity can be fully evaluated). The relationship between structural and functional redundancy and their influences on the inertia index is discussed.     

拱型屋面弯曲回弹变形、强度和稳定性的研究

计算了拱型屋面弯曲回弹变形 ;分析了在对称和非对称载荷作用下拱型屋面弯曲应力 ;计算了在对称载荷作用下拱型屋面临界载荷 ,计算结果表明 :拱型屋面的破坏不是强度不足 ,而是失稳所致。     

A novel acidophile community populating waste ore deposits at an acid mine drainage site

Waste ore samples （pH 3.0） were collected at an acid mine drainage （AMD） site in Anhui, China. The present acidophillc microbial community in the waste ore was studied with 16S rRNA gene clone library and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）. Eighteen different clones were identified and affiliated withActinobacteria, low G ＋ C Gram-positives, Thermomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, candidate division TM7, and Planctomycetes. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a diversity of acidophiles in the samples that were mostly novel. It is unexpected that the moderately thermophilic acidophiles were abundant in the acidic ecosystem and may play a great role in the generation of AMD. The result of DGGE was consistent with that of clone library analysis. These findings help in the better understanding of the generation mechanism of AMD and in developing a more efficient method to control AMD.     

氯化钠和二氧化硅对过硫酸铵热稳定性的影响

采用绝热加速量热仪（ARC）对分析纯过硫酸铵、含10%氯化钠杂质的过硫酸铵以及含10%二氧化硅杂质的过硫酸铵进行热分析实验,得到了实验过程中温度、温升速率和压力等数据,计算了3组样品的反应动力学参数,引入热惰性因子对实验数据进行修正,得到了3组样品在严格绝热条件下的热危险性参数,分析了3组样品的反应过程和热危险性。通过Semenov理论计算了3组样品的自加速分解温度（SADT）。结果表明,过硫酸铵加入氯化钠或二氧化硅杂质后,热危险性增大,自加速分解温度降低,更容易发生反应且反应更剧烈。     

惯性器件加速贮存环境性能变化规律及失效机理

目的研究惯性器件的加速贮存环境性能退化规律,分析失效薄弱环节及其失效机理。方法开展惯性器件的加速贮存试验,进行惯性器件的零偏、标度因数的检测,用扫描电子显微镜、红外显微仪、气-质联用仪等分析仪器,监测微观组织、结构损伤情况。针对石英挠性加速度计在加速贮存试验过程中的变化行为,分析温度环境因素对其损伤的微观作用机制,解释宏观性能退化内在原因。结果惯导系统中,石英挠性加速度计在加速贮存试验4个周期后,其零偏超出阈值范围。结论惯导系统中的薄弱环节为石英挠性加速度计的粘结剂。在加速贮存试验过程中,粘结剂中的增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)发生分解生成挥发物,环氧树脂胶618的双酚A也少量挥发。当石英挠性加速度计从高温冷却至室温,检测宏观性能时,两种挥发物沿摆片移动至摆片底部,与力矩器镜面形成粘连,使摆片无法进行有效的工作(摆动)。     

三株寡养单胞菌对苯噻草胺的降解及系统发育分析

从污水处理厂好氧活性污泥中分离和纯化到3个能降解苯噻草胺的细菌菌株。这些菌株均为革兰氏阴性、好氧、不形成芽孢的杆菌。根据其形态特征、生理生化性状和16SrDNA序列分析结果表明。分离菌株Y2、Y3和Y5均为寡养单胞菌（stenotrophomonas spp．）。