The Effect of Nitrogen Enrichment on the Carbon Sink in Coniferous Forests: Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analyses of Three Ecosystem Models

Estimates of the global carbon sink induced by nitrogen enrichment range vary widely, from nearly zero to 2.3 Gt C year^-1. It is necessary to reduce this uncertainty if we are to make accurate predictions of the future magnitude of the terrestrial carbon sink. Here, we present a Monte Carlo approach to uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of three ecosystem models, Century,BGCand Hybrid. These models were applied to a coniferous forest ecosystem in Sweden. The best estimate of the change in total carbon content of the ecosystem with the cumulative change in nitrogen deposition over 100 years, C_total/N_deposition was 20.1 kg C (kg N)^-1 using the pooled mean, with a pooled standard deviation of 13.8 kg C (kg N)^-1. Variability in parameters accounted for 92% of the total uncertainty in C_total/N_deposition, and only 8% was attributable to differences between models. The most sensitive parameters were those which controlled the allocation of assimilate between leaves, roots and stem. In particular, an increase in allocation to fine roots led to a large reduction in C_total/N_deposition in all models, because the fine roots have a very high turnover rate, and extra carbon allocated there is soon lost through mortality and decomposition.     

改变碳输入对新疆天山雪岭云杉林土壤呼吸的短期影响

探究外源性碳输入改变对森林土壤呼吸的影响是深入解析森林碳循环的基础.本研究基于植物残体添加和去除控制实验,设置5种不同碳输入(对照组、双倍凋落物组、去根组、去凋落物组和去根去凋落物组)处理,研究了天山雪岭云杉林(Picea Schrenkiana)生长季土壤呼吸对碳输入改变的短期响应.结果表明,整个实验期间对照、双倍凋落物、去根、去凋和去根去凋处理土壤呼吸速率均值分别为3.38、 3.94、 2.65、 2.87和2.01μmol·(m~2·s)~(-1);与对照处理相比,双倍凋落物处理使累计土壤呼吸通量增加402.65 g·m~(-2),去根、去凋和去根去凋处理分别减少了515.00、 354.73和967.15 g·m~(-2),减少幅度为去根去凋去根去凋.整个实验期间相对于对照组,双倍凋落物处理下土壤呼吸速率平均增加20.35%,去凋、去根、去根去凋处理下土壤呼吸速率分别平均降低14.40%、 20.78%和40.83%.土壤矿质呼吸、凋落物呼吸和根系呼吸对土壤总呼吸的相对贡献率由大至小依次为:土壤矿质呼吸(59.46%)根系呼吸(21.49%)凋落物呼吸(14.79%).由主成分分析可知,土壤呼吸速率的变化与土壤温度、土壤湿度、全磷、pH值、土壤有机碳正相关,与土壤容重负相关,而全氮、碳氮比和土壤电导率对土壤呼吸速率影响不大.     

氮添加影响下新疆天山雪岭云杉林土壤酶活性及其与环境因子的相关性

氮沉降可能影响森林土壤性状及代谢活性,为进一步了解氮沉降下森林土壤生化过程与生境相互作用机制,探究天山雪岭云杉林土壤酶活性及土壤环境因子对氮沉降的响应特征,本文以天山雪岭云杉森林土壤为研究对象,采用氮沉降梯度法开展施氮试验,分析不同施氮水平下土壤酶活性与土壤环境因子的特征,并结合冗余分析方法讨论了土壤酶活性与土壤环境因...