采用隔吸声屏障治理抚顺发电厂双曲线冷却塔噪声

抚顺发电厂供热机组两座双曲线自然通风冷却塔的噪声对该厂北厂界和敏感点（抚顺卫校）构成危害,经测试昼间和夜间噪声均超过排放标准。经方案论证,设置弧形鱼鳞状吸声型声屏障,噪声均达到相关标准规定,取得较好的环境与社会效益。     

铜、硒复合污染对小白菜生长及金属吸收和转运的影响

采用土培盆栽试验和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了不同含量铜、硒单一和复合污染对小白菜生长及金属铜、硒吸收和转运的影响.结果表明,适量的硒（2.5mg.kg-1）可以促进小白菜生长,表现为小白菜叶片叶绿素相对含量值（SPAD）、根长、地下和地上生物量的增加,但高含量硒（≥10.0mg.kg-1）却抑制小白菜的生长.外源铜单...     

化学除磷中混凝剂对活性污泥活性的影响

从污水处理厂运行实践出发,研究了混凝剂对活性污泥活性的直接和间接影响。结果表明：混凝剂对微生物的影响程度：PAC〉三价铝盐〉三价铁盐,混凝剂用于生化段除磷时,铁盐投加量宜小于20 mg/L,PAC、三价铝盐宜小于10 mg/L。反冲洗污水排入生化系统对微生物无直接的抑制作用,但造成活性污泥中的无机组分比例增加,北区厂V...     

Effects of stable aqueous fullerene nanocrystal （nC60） on Daphnia magna： Evaluation of hop frequency and accumulations under different conditions

We investigated the e ects of environmental factors and properties of water-stable crystal fullerene (nC60) on the uptake of nC60 by Daphnia magna based on known accumulation in our laboratory. This study was performed for seven days using di erent environmental factors including temperature, pH, water hardness, concentration (density of particle), and particle size. Results demonstrated that body burden of C60 increased with time in all experiments. Body burden of C60 increased with increasing concentration and particle size, and uptake of particles >100 nm reached their maximums more quickly than those <100 nm. Under high hardness in aqueous systems with lower pH and high temperature, uptake was higher than those under opposite conditions. Uptake in all batch tests reached balance within five days. Both nC60 properties and environmental factors influenced uptake of nC60 by D. magna in an aqueous system. Additionally, environmental factors may have a ected accumulation by changing nC60 properties, which are critical to understand the accumulation of fullerenes in aqueous systems.     

复合生物法处理炼化污水厂恶臭气体

介绍了“生物洗涤+生物滴滤”的复合生物法在某炼化企业污水处理厂治理恶臭污染的工艺原理、技术流程、过程控制和实践效果,分析讨论生物处理装置运行影响因素。实践结果表明,复合生物技术对炼化企业污水处理厂恶臭治理具有较为理想的恶臭净化效果,其中硫化氢处理效率可达到98%,非甲烷总烃处理效率可达到94%,且运行操作简便、成本低廉、无二次污染。     

镉锌在河南华溪蟹鳃中的吸收途径及亚细胞分布研究

采用火焰原子分光光度法检测了河南华溪蟹(Sinopotamon henanense)鳃中重金属镉、锌的含量,进而探讨了镉、锌两种金属在河南华溪蟹鳃组织中的吸收途径及亚细胞分布情况.实验首先运用Ca2+通道抑制剂三氯化镧(La Cl3)和巯基抑制剂N-乙烷基顺丁烯二酰亚胺(NEM)对河南华溪蟹预处理4 h,然后再用不同浓度镉(50、100、500μg·L-1)、锌(100、1000μg·L-1)分别处理7 d.实验结果显示,La Cl3仅抑制了鳃组织中镉的吸收,而NEM抑制了鳃组织中镉、锌的吸收.在亚细胞组分中,La Cl3降低了镉在细胞碎片和细胞器中的分布,NEM减少了镉在热稳定蛋白及锌在热变性蛋白部分的分布;两种抑制剂均增加了锌在金属富含颗粒部分的分布.实验结果表明,在河南华溪蟹鳃组织的不同亚细胞组分中,镉、锌两种重金属的分布具有差异,推测La Cl3和NEM均可调控镉的吸收,而NEM只调控锌的吸收.     

Safety-based process plant layout using genetic algorithm

This paper presents a method based on a genetic algorithm for optimizing process plant layout. The relative location of main process units is determined to minimize an annual cost function including the cost of material transfer between process units (piping and pumping costs), land cost, and the expected annual loss resulting from damage to each secondary unit caused by primary accidents occurring in nearby process units. This method is an improvement over previous attempts using genetic algorithms or mathematical programming techniques to optimize plant layout, which neglected pumping costs and included safety issues by evaluating the infringement of predefined safety distances only. In this approach the operating cost of material transfer is included and the likelihood of accidents is taken into account thus providing good practical solutions to the plant layout problem incorporating more realistic cost functions and constraints. In the paper, after discussing the structure of the annual cost function and describing the working logic of the layout generating algorithm, a case study is described to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.     

ECOSUNIDE工艺中活性污泥生物代谢活性的测定研究

利用差压仪测定原理,设计了在差压瓶中密闭投加基质的试验方法,测定了ECOSUNIDE工艺和其它4个不同工艺的污水处理厂曝气池混合液中活性污泥的生物代谢能力,通过内源呼吸速率和投加基质后的外源呼吸速率来表达生物代谢能力,采用各自的比呼吸速率用来比较单位污泥浓度的生物代谢活性能力。研究结果表明,具有高效脱氮除磷能力的ECOSUNIDE工艺中活性污泥在1～2 d时段内的比内源呼吸速率为43 mg O2(/gVSS.d),投加醋酸钠和氨氮后比外源呼吸分别为450和283 mg O2(/gVSS.d),均高于其它不同工艺的普通进水方式污水处理厂混合液相应的呼吸速率。该工艺在提高活性污泥中异养菌和自养菌代谢能力,缩短污染物去除时间上有较明显的优势。     

基于水蚯蚓摄食活性污泥的生长动力学研究

基于水蚯蚓摄食活性污泥的批量培养试验,考察了水蚯蚓在活性污泥中的生长规律,以及底物、溶解氧浓度由低到高变化对水蚯蚓比增长速率的影响.结果表明,在水温25℃±0.5℃、溶解氧4 mg.L-1、底物浓度4 000 mg.L-1条件下培养18周,水蚯蚓体重随培养时间的变化趋势较好地符合Gauss函数,最大比增长速率μAWma...     

控释肥条件下沿南四湖农田水稻吸氮特征

氮素是水稻必需营养元素中限制植物生长和形成产量的首要因素,同时也是南四湖水体主要营养性污染物之一.通过施用树脂包膜控释尿素不同氮肥量处理大田试验,研究了南四湖流域鱼台农田控释肥条件下水稻生育期的吸氮特征.结果表明,树脂包膜控释尿素对水稻产量有明显的促进作用,但并不随施氮量的增加呈线性增长,施用中氮量337.5 kg/h...