铜仁汞矿区土壤汞污染现状调查研究

为了进一步对废弃汞矿污染区的生态环境进行跟踪调查及科学的评价,2015年通过对铜仁市废弃汞矿区周围的稻田、旱田及菜地土壤汞污染现状调查分析。采用S型随机抽样方式,并使用原子荧光光度法对研究对象进行分析。结果表明:万山镇、云场萍及路腊村汞矿区稻田土壤总汞(THg)含量平均值分别为123.75、79.33、21.89 mg/kg;其旱田土壤THg含量平均值分别为:117.20、73.34、19.90 mg/kg;其菜地土壤THg含量平均值分别为129.40、81.78、26.50 mg/kg;且,万山汞矿区甲基汞(Me Hg)含量平均值分别为6.48(稻田)、4.80(旱田)、6.40μg/kg(菜地);云场萍汞矿区Me Hg含量平均值分别为3.73(稻田)、2.47(旱田)、6.40μg/kg(菜地);路腊村汞矿区Me Hg含量平均值分别为1.92(稻田)、0.87(旱田)、2.47μg/kg(菜地)。以上结果说明万山废弃汞矿区的污染程度高于云场萍废弃汞矿区及路腊村废弃汞矿区。     

城市环境空气污染预报研究进展

主要介绍了城市环境空气污染预报的方法,综述了城市环境空气污染预报的国内外研究现状,主要介绍了美国第三代Momdel-3 CMAQ模式系统和中国科学院大气所的嵌套网格空气质量预报系统(NAQPMS),以及最新的多模式污染预报技术,本文最后指出中国目前的大气环境形势比较严峻,城市环境空气污染预报模式还存在一些问题,并探讨了今后的发展方向。     

生物可利用性及其在重金属污染生态风险评价中的作用

通过化学方法可以确定重金属污染的生物可利用性,常用的化学方法主要有化学试剂提取法、酸挥发性硫化物方法、毒性特征浸取过程方法、薄层梯度扩散方法、同住素稀释技术。由形态分析结果得到生物可利用浓度或者剂量可以进行定量生态风险评价;通过生物可利用浓度或剂量与毒性参数的比值分析可以进行定性风险评价。     

城市面源污染负荷动态更新体系构建研究

为及时掌握城市面源污染状况,构建了城市面源污染负荷动态更新体系。以北京市建成区典型下垫面为研究对象,采用事件平均浓度统计法,估算了基准年污染负荷,并通过变量更新系数,更新了2012年北京市城市面源污染物SS、COD、TN、TP、氨氮负荷。结果表明:街道路面和屋面污染负荷最大,城市绿地面积显著增加对削减城市面源污染负荷具有重要作用。     

麦庙港—备塘河底泥污染状况及生态风险评价

对麦庙港-备塘河6个点位的底泥重金属和有机污染物进行了监测。结果表明重金属含量分布不均,且范围波动较大,除2个测点锌超过《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》(GB4284-84),其它重金属指标均达标。4个监测点位底泥有机污染物氯仿、二氯乙烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、六六六、滴滴涕含量均达相关标准。底泥重金属的潜在生态风险顺序依次为汞>镉>铜>锌>镍>砷>铬>铅,各点位的潜在生态风险污染顺序为S2>S3>S5>S6>S1>S4,汞是主要的潜在生态风险因子。讨论认为,S2～S4点位河段的污泥不宜农用和园林绿化利用,应根据危险特性鉴别结果妥善处置。     

拉萨城市环境噪声污染及其综合防治对策

针对道路交通、社会生活和建筑施工等噪声污染特点,对拉萨城市特有的环境噪声污染源进行了综合分析,并结合拉萨城市的发展实际,提出了噪声污染的综合防治对策,为有关部门环境管理及其决策提供借鉴.     

挥发性氯代烃检测管速测技术

在阐述检测管测试原理的基础上,介绍了国内外挥发性氯代烃气体检测管的发展现状,展望了检测管在我国土壤和地下水污染快速诊断方面应用推广的前景及存在的问题。     

我国规模化畜禽养殖业存在的环境问题与防治对策

近年来，由于我国畜禽养殖业的养殖规模、养殖方式和分布区域发生了巨大的变化，它所带来的环境污染问题总体呈现出总量增加、程度加剧和范围扩大的趋势，归纳了我国规模化畜禽养殖业环境污染的特点，从生产、技术、政策和管理上分析了影响我国畜禽养殖业环境污染的主要因素，并提出了污染防治的对策建议，即借鉴发达国家畜禽养殖业的环境管理经验，以减量化、资源化、无害化及实用、廉价为原则，合理规划、防治结合，努力探索一条具有中国特色的规模化畜禽养殖污染防治道路。     

Tributyltin pollution in sediments from Alexandria's coastal areas

Presence of Tributyltin (TBT) in Alexandria’s coastal water areas has been demonstrated by measuring concentrations of this compound. The TBT was measured in sediments from three docking areas namely: Western Harbour, Eastern Harbour and Abu Qir Bay. The sediment of those areas has been affected by marine traffic and other industrial activities. This is reflected by the distribution of TBT in the sediments nearby the shipyards in the three docking areas of the region where the average values of 258.6 ηg TBT/g for Western Harbour; 126.4 ηg TBT/g dw for Abu Qir Bay and 42.3 ηg TBT/g dw for the Eastern Harbour were recorded. This fact reflects the effect of industry and marine traffic on the marine environments of the Alexandria region.     

Pollution characteristics of particulate matters emitted from outdoor barbecue cooking in urban Jinan in eastern China

To understand the pollution characteristics of particulate matter emitted from outdoor barbecue cooking in eastern China, measurements of the PM_2.5 mass concentration, the number concentration of particles with a diameter of 0.01 to 1.0 μm, and the particle size distribution from 0.3 to 25 μm were carried out at seven barbecue restaurants in urban Jinan. The average PM_2.5 mass concentration and sub-micron particle number concentrations at a distance of 1 m from the grills were 250 to 1083 μg/m³ and 0.90 × 10⁵ to 2.23 × 10⁵ cm^–3, respectively, which were much higher than those in the ambient air of the urban area. Compared to the ambient atmosphere, barbecue cooking emitted very high levels of particles with a larger increase in the concentrations of super-micron particles than that of sub-micron particles. The super-micron particle number concentrations at the barbecue restaurants were 10 to 100 times higher than those observed in the ambient urban atmosphere. The barbecue smoke had a significant effect on the particle concentrations in the surrounding region. Both mass and number concentrations of particles exhibited maximum values immediately near the barbecue grills and often reached a peak at a distance of 10 to 15 m. The removal efficiency of a range hood for the cooking particles was tested in an indoor kitchen. The range hood effectively cleaned the particulate matter pollution caused by cooking with a removal efficiency larger than 80%. Therefore, the use of a range hood is recommended for outdoor barbecue restaurants coupled with a smoke purifier to clean the emitted high concentrations of particles.

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