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21.
通过标准曲线、检出限和测定范围、方法精密度、方法准确度、实际海水样品测定结果、加标回收率、分析效率和物料消耗这几方面比较了过硫酸钾氧化法、流动注射分析法和高温氧化-化学发光检测法这3种测定海水中总氮(TN)方法的优缺点。结果表明,流动注射分析法和高温氧化-化学发光检测法的测定范围更宽,精密度、准确度更好,3种样品的加标回收率达到96.2%~101%;高温氧化-化学发光检测法分析效率高、物料消耗少、节能环保,适用于一般海水样品的批量分析,且由于测定范围大,该法也适用于TN浓度较高的海水样品的批量分析,流动注射分析法因其较低的检出限更适用于TN浓度较低的海水样品的批量分析。 相似文献
22.
Veronika Gyuricza 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(8):591-596
The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in plant radiocesium uptake and accumulation remains ambiguous. This is probably due to the presence of other soil microorganisms, the variability of soil characteristics and plant nutritional status or the availability of its chemical analogue, potassium (K). Here, we used an in vitro culture system to study the impact of increased concentration of K on radiocesium accumulation in non K-starved mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Medicago truncatula plants. In the presence of AMF radiocesium uptake decreased regardless of the concentration of K, and its translocation from root to shoot was also significantly lower. Potassium also reduced the accumulation of radiocesium in plants but to a lesser extent than mycorrhization, and without any effect on translocation. These results suggest that AMF in combination with K can play a key role in reducing radiocesium uptake and its subsequent translocation to plant shoots, thereby representing good potential for improved phytomanagement of contaminated areas. 相似文献
23.
A new potassium permanganate reagent with slow-release properties was designed and tested for possible application in in situ chemical oxidation. For this purpose, MnO2-coated KMnO4 particles (MCP) were prepared by partial reduction of solid KMnO4 using the acid-catalyzed reaction with n-propanol or the comproportionation of Mn(VII) and Mn(II) in n-propanol as reaction medium. Column tests showed that, for MCP with a residual KMnO4 fraction of 70 wt%, the duration of permanganate release under flow-through conditions was prolonged by a factor of 10 compared to untreated KMnO4. While KMnO4 is too soluble to be used in reactive barriers, MCP could be introduced into the aquifer by filling of trenches or boreholes; this would allow a prolonged passive dosing of permanganate into the flowing groundwater. In addition, experiments were conducted in order to determine the oxidation capability of native KMnO4 particles and MCP in CH2Cl2, a representative non-polar non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL). It may be possible to utilize the significantly higher reactivity of MCP under these conditions for the design of slow-release permanganate particles for NAPL source treatment. 相似文献
24.
The Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) has been conducting airborne gamma spectrometry measurements of natural radioactivity in Sweden for more than 40 years. Today, the database covers about 80% of the country’s land surface. This article explores the first step of putting this data into use in radioactive source search at ground level. However, in order to be able to use the airborne background measurements at ground level, SGU data must be validated against terrestrial data. In this work, we compare the SGU data with data measured by a portable backpack system. This is done for three different areas in southern Sweden. The statistical analysis shows that a linear relationship and a positive correlation exist between the air and ground data. However, this linear relationship could be revealed only when the region possessed large enough variations in areal activity. Furthermore, the activity distributions measured show good agreement to those of SGU. We conclude that the SGU database could be used for terrestrial background assessment, given that a linear transfer function is established. 相似文献
25.
南京市机动车尾气污染现状调查及其对人群健康的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
徐振涛 《环境监测管理与技术》1996,8(5):20-22
机动车尾气排是影响城市大气环境质量的重要因素,监测表明:南京市道路环境污染来重,尤其是隧道及交通繁忙的路段。通过对220人作问卷调查,发现机动车尾气污染已对经常接触的人群产生很大的影响。 相似文献
26.
为了提高高锰酸盐指数项目测定的准确性,通过实验分析,从高锰酸钾的校正系数、蒸馏水空白值、水浴的温度、加热的时间、样品酸度、滴定的过程、滴定终点的判断等因素加以分析,找出其影响测定结果的原因。实验操作中,应注重上述因素的质量控制,以提高测试的准确性。 相似文献
27.
Monika Krupa Kenneth W. Tate Chris van Kessel Naeem Sarwar Bruce A. Linquist 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2011,144(1):290-301
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) agriculture is estimated to cover 161 million ha of land on Earth, with 10% grown in temperate regions. Currently there are strong concerns about surface water nutrient pollution, and the purpose of this study was to determine the impacts of temperate rice cultivation on nutrient dynamics at the small watershed scale. Over the course of the 2008 growing season (May through September), bi-weekly grab samples were collected from outlets of 11 agricultural subwatersheds in California. Samples were analyzed for NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P, K, and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations, and the average values across all subwatersheds and sampling dates were 0.22, 0.031, 0.047, 1.36, and 0.32 mg L−1, respectively. Linear mixed effects analysis was used to evaluate the magnitude of relationships between nutrient concentration and flux and subwatershed characteristics (i.e. percent soil clay and organic matter, percent rice area, irrigation water reuse, subwatershed discharge, irrigated area, and time, measured as the day in the growing season). For all nutrients, flux decreased over time and increased with discharge. Concentrations of K and DON were highest at the start and end of the growing season. Concentrations of NH4-N were near non-detect levels, with the exception of a peak in mid-July, which corresponds to when many growers top-dress rice fields with N fertilizer. Nitrate-N concentration and flux decreased with percent rice area, whereas PO4-P concentrations increased with percent rice area, indicating that rice area should be considered in future watershed-scale studies of nutrient discharge. In all subwatersheds, the discharge loads of K were smaller than surface water input loads, while NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P, and DON discharge loads exceeded input loads when total growing season discharge was greater than 3500-6600 m3 ha−1. This implies that the management of subwatershed discharge can be used to control nutrient export from rice-growing areas. 相似文献
28.
29.
Nadia Waegeneers Teresa Sauras-Yera Yves Thiry V. Ramón Vallejo Erik Smolders Chantal Madoz-Escande François Bréchignac 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009
Uptake of 137Cs was measured in different agricultural plant species (beans, lettuce, barley and ryegrass) grown in 5 undisturbed soil monoliths covering major European soil types. The first cultivation was made three years after soil contamination and plants were grown during 3 successive years. The plant–soil 137Cs transfer factors varied maximally 12-fold among soils and 35-fold among species when grown on the same soil. Single correlations between transfer factors and soil properties were found, but they varied widely with plant type and can hardly be used as a predictive tool because of the few soils used. The variation of 137Cs concentrations in plants among soils was related to differences in soil solution 137Cs and K concentrations, consistent with previous observations in hydroponics and pot trials. Absolute values of transfer factors could not be predicted based on a model validated for pot trials. The 137Cs activity concentration in soil solution decreased significantly (11- to 250-fold) for most soils in the 1997–1999 period and is partly explained by decreasing K in soil solution. Transfer factors of lettuce showed both increasing and decreasing trends between 2 consecutive years depending on soil type. The trends could be explained by the variation in 137Cs and K concentrations in soil solution. It is concluded that differences in 137Cs transfer factors among soils and trends in transfer factors as a function of time can be explained from soil solution composition, as shown previously for pot trials, although absolute values of transfer factors could not be predicted. 相似文献
30.
R. H. Higgy M. S. El-Tahawy A. T. Abdel-Fattah U. A. Al-Akabawy 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2000,50(3)
Studies have been carried out to determine the natural radioactivity in some building materials (bricks, tiles, marble and ceramics) and their associated radiation hazard. The radioactivity concentrations of 226Ra 232Th and 40K were measured using a gamma spectrometer with a Hp–Ge detector. The activities of 238U and 234U were measured using an alpha-spectrometer with a surface barrier detector after applying a radiochemical procedure. The 234U/238U isotopic ratios were calculated. The radium equivalent activities and the radiation hazard index associated with the natural radionuclides were calculated. A computer program was developed and applied to calculate the dose rate a person will receive from the walls of a room constructed from the studied building materials. 相似文献