新疆某油田企业两轮清洁生产审核效益分析

新疆某油田企业于2007年进行了第一轮清洁生产审核工作,确定了清洁生产方案14项,其中无／低费方案9项,中／高费方案5项,产生的直接、间接经济效益总计为4057．27万元／a。该企业于2011年完成了第二轮清洁生产审核,确定了清洁生产方案14项,其中无／低费方案6项,中／高费方案8项,总计清洁生产方案产生经济效益1954．142万元／a。通过两轮清洁生产审核工作,企业产生了较好的经济效益与环境效益。     

不同好氧预处理方式对餐厨垃圾产甲烷的影响

为了研究不同好氧预处理方式对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化产甲烷的影响,通过建立3个模拟厌氧生物反应器,研究了传统厌氧生物反应器C1、上层好氧预处理-厌氧生物反应器C2和底部好氧预处理-厌氧生物反应器C3 3种不同操作条件下的产甲烷过程。结果表明,挥发性有机酸的累积使C1始终处于产甲烷滞后阶段;而C2、C3的好氧预处理通过加快易水解酸化组分和过量挥发性有机酸的好氧降解,有效缓解了酸性抑制,产甲烷滞后时间明显缩短至10 d内。第32天C2停止上层曝气后,在27 d内甲烷浓度达到了50%以上,同时,产甲烷速率迅速上升,并在第81天可达到峰值773 mL/(kg·d)。C3在第11天停止底部曝气后,虽然经过22 d的时间甲烷浓度即上升至50%,但之后产甲烷速率经历回落阶段后再次逐渐上升,在实验结束时仅达到517 mL/(kg·d)。上层曝气的好氧预处理方式所需曝气时间相对较长,但其产甲烷启动快,与底部曝气相比,其后期的甲烷化过程更稳定并可达到较高的产甲烷速率。     

黑龙江省影响水稻安全生产的气象要素

在分析水稻安全生产条件的基础上，探讨了有关气象因素及灾害对水稻生长发育和产量的影响。重点分析了地区冷害的发生状况及干湿条件，在充分考虑黑龙江省地区气候特征、农业生产区域及品种熟性的基础上，确定了影响水稻安全生产的灾害和气象指标。利用多年气象资料，计算了黑龙江省各地的冷害发生机率及稻田干燥度指数等，通过指标对比分析，初步提出了黑龙江省水稻安全生产的区域划分，为水稻生产的防灾减灾提供了科学的气象依据。     

林业生产经营单位安全管理创新的几点思考

分析了当前安全生产管理现状,对林业生产经营单位安全生产管理创新进行探讨,旨在进一步提高安全管理水平。     

我国实施清洁生产的法制建设的探讨

阐述了我国推行清洁生产的现状和所面临的特殊性和普遍性障碍,提出了推行清洁生产的方式选择,以及将清洁生产融入现行环境各项具体制度的内容,并建议我国制定环境政策应向“第二代环境政策”转变。     

臭氧联用技术深度处理腈纶废水的效果对比

将臭氧分别与超声波、H2O2、紫外光等联用,深度处理干法腈纶生产厂生化池出水,对各种联用技术的处理效果进行了研究。实验结果表明：在进水流量2 L/min、反应时间30 min、臭氧加入量3.5 g/（L?h）的条件下,当超声功率为300 W时,臭氧-超声联用技术的COD去除率为30.0%;当H2O2加入量为0.4 mL/L时,臭氧-H2O2联用技术的COD去除率为50.7%;当紫外灯功率为40 W时,臭氧-紫外光联用技术的COD去除率为49.9%;在各种联用技术中,臭氧-H2O2联用技术的运行成本最低（为7.5 元/t）,且处理后出水COD为143 mg/L,达到《<污水综合排放标准>（GB8978—1996）中石化工业COD标准值修改单》中的一级排放标准。综合考虑,臭氧-H2O2联用技术是深度处理干法腈纶废水的最优工艺。     

PCDD/Fs emission, risk characterization, and reduction in China’s secondary copper production industry

Secondary copper production is one of the key polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) emission sources in China, but research and data on this issue are rare. In 2004, when the Stockholm Convention entered into force in China, PCDD/Fs emissions from secondary copper production contributed to 32.2% of the total release. In this paper, PCDD/Fs emission dynamics from secondary copper industry were discussed and cumulative risks were characterized. From 2004 to 2009, industrial policies played an indirect role in PCDD/Fs reduction, but its effects are still limited. The Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and central regions were among the top three of dioxin emissions from secondary copper production in China. Shanghai, Shandong, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi had comparatively higher accumulated risk and were recommended as the priority regions for promoting PCDD/Fs emission control in China. From 2009 to 2015, the PCDD/Fs emission dynamics in the secondary copper industry were presented through simulation. PCDD/Fs emission equations were established, resulting in the recommendation of control technology conversion rate at 30% for small scale smelters and 51%–57% for large and medium-sized enterprises in 2015. In conclusion, both indirect policy and direct control technology retrofitting should be integrated for more effective PCDD/Fs emission reduction in secondary copper industry.     

交通运输企业交通事故法律适用问题探讨

交通运输企业的交通运输事故法律适用问题引起了社会广泛争议。如不明确这个问题,对于执法主体、执法权限就不能明确,既会产生安全管理的盲区,有时候也会损害企业的相关权益。文章对《中华人民共和国安全生产法》适用范围条款进行了分析解读,阐明道路交通运输企业的交通运输安全问题既适用《安全生产法》,也适用《道路交通安全法》,二法之间不会有交叉,更不会产生冲突;同时也对道路交通事故的属性进行了分析,并探讨了交通运输企业交通事故的法律适用问题。     

Dry and heat stress affects H2S production of Salmonella on selective plating media

The pH of Salmonella pre-enrichment media can become acidic (pH 4.0–5.0) when feeds/ingredients are incubated for 24?h. Salmonella in feed that have been stressed by heat and desiccation exhibit different pH tolerances than non-stressed cultures. Acidic conditions can result in cell injury/death and affect biochemical pathways. In this study, eight serotypes of Salmonella were grown in sterile meat and bone meal that was subjected to desiccation and heat stress. Cultures of non-stressed and stressed isolates were subsequently exposed to acidic pH from 4.0 to 7.0 in 0.5?pH increments (3 replicates/pH increment) in citrate buffer. At 6 and 24?h, serial dilutions were plated in duplicate on XLT-4 (xylose lysine tergitol-4) agar. Four serotypes showed an impaired ability to decarboxylate lysine on XLT-4. This inability to decarboxylate lysine was dependent on isolate, stress status, and incubation time. When the isolates’ ability to decarboxylate lysine was examined using biochemical tests, cultures were found to be able to decarboxylate lysine with the exception of S. Infantis. This suggests that XLT-4 contains a biochemical stressor(s) which affects the rate of decarboxylation by these Salmonella. These results suggest that acidic conditions may influence the detection and confirmation of Salmonella in feed.     

生物制氢技术的研究进展与应用前景

氢气作为一种清洁的、可更新的能源，正被进一步发展与利用。生物制氢技术与其他制氢方法相比，具有无污染、成本低、可再生等优点，受到广泛的关注。在综述了目前国内外生物制氢技术各个方面的研究进展和成果的基础上，详细描述前景。了光合产氢细菌及厌氧发酵产氢细菌等主要产氢生物的产氢机制，分析了面临的问题，论述了研究的发展方向和应用