Net Carbon Exchange Across the Arctic Tundra-Boreal Forest Transition in Alaska 1981–2000

Shifts in the carbon balance of high-latitude ecosystems could result from differential responses of vegetation and soil processes to changing moisture and temperature regimes and to a lengthening of the growing season. Although shrub expansion and northward movement of treeline should increase carbon inputs, the effects of these vegetation changes on net carbon exchange have not been evaluated. We selected low shrub, tall shrub, and forest tundra sites near treeline in northwestern Alaska, representing the major structural transitions expected in response to warming. In these sites, we measured aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and vegetation and soil carbon and nitrogen pools, and used these data to parameterize the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model. We simulated the response of carbon balance components to air temperature and precipitation trends during 1981–2000. In areas experiencing warmer and dryer conditions, Net Primary Production (NPP) decreased and heterotrophic respiration (R _H ) increased, leading to a decrease in Net Ecosystem Production (NEP). In warmer and wetter conditions NPP increased, but the response was exceeded by an increase in R _H ; therefore, NEP also decreased. Lastly, in colder and wetter regions, the increase in NPP exceeded a small decline in R _H , leading to an increase in NEP. The net effect for the region was a slight gain in ecosystem carbon storage over the 20 year period. This research highlights the potential importance of spatial variability in ecosystem responses to climate change in assessing the response of carbon storage in northern Alaska over the last two decades.     

土地资源人口承载量的预测及其在人地关系研究中的意义——以江苏省滨海、苏州为例

几百年的人地关系研究历史证明,许多思想家和地理学家往往都以粮食这一特殊物质入手,并以粮食为诊断因素来反映人与自然之间错综复杂的联系。80年代中期兴起的土地资源人口承载量的研究,乃是这一传统研究思路的延续。因而,在我国深入开展这一项研究的过程中,有必要在吸收国外研究方法和经验的同时,注意总结历史的教训。①土地资源人口承载量的研究,其目的并不在于获取土地资源到底能养活多少人这一精确的人口数据,而在于揭示人口、粮食、土地三者之间的复杂关系及其地域差异。②土地资源的生产潜力是土地的自然属性与人类管理水平的综合反映,人类对土地的反作用以及科学技术的影响是使土地资源人口承载量发生阶段性跃迁的主要因素,在进行长周期预测时应予以足够的重视。③在引进国外方法和模式时,应根据不同的研究精度、不同的研究目的、不同的区域性质以及研究条件等加以科学订正。作者从人地关系研究出发,以滨海县和苏州市2个不同类型地区为实例,采用机助多要素图叠置分析的方法,进行了土地资源人口承载量的预测和分析。     

河北沧州黑龙港地区粮食作物生产潜力估算

本文采用屡次分析法,运用1∶10万TM卫星图象对黑龙港类型区(沧州区域为例)农业生产水平类型划分的结果,分析计算了该区各种类型土地(高、中、低产田)的各级生产潜力和粮食作物生产潜力。得出沧州区域提高粮食生产潜力着眼点在高、中产田,主要措施是增加能量投入,合理用水,改良土壤。     

东江流域低产耕地的低产原因及改良利用对策

根据调查数据，指出森林破坏严重、水利不过关、土壤质量低、有机肥施用量减少、以及农产品价格偏低而导致经济投入减少和管理不善，是东江流域低产耕地的主要低产原因，并提出了如下的改良利用对策：继续进行林业建设和改造，加强水利建设、完善排灌系统和采用节水措施，改良土壤提高地力，因地制宜合理利用，增加投入和制订粮食收购保护价。     

Fetal liver alanine: Glyoxylate aminotransferase and the prenatal diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria type 1

Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is caused by a deficiency of the hepatic peroxisomal enzyme alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT, EC 2.6.1.44) (Danpure and Jennings, FEBS Lett., 201 , 20–24, 1986). The activity of AGT has been measured in fetal livers of gestational age 14–21 weeks. Activity increases up to 17 weeks and then levels off between 17 and 21 weeks. At this time, the mean AGT activity is about 30 per cent of the mean normal postnatal level. As in adult liver, the AGT enzyme activity and the AGT immunoreactive protein are peroxisomal. Prenatal diagnosis has been performed by measuring AGT enzyme activity and immunoreactive AGT protein on liver biopsies from two fetuses at risk for primary hyperoxaluria type 1. One was unaffected and one was affected.     

Influences of greenhouse effect on agricultural production in China

An obvious warming in China induced by doubled carbon, dioxide as simulated by the climatic models have been found. It is also noticed that there might be drying or wetting in some parts of China induced by doubled CO2 as simulated by the general circulation models(GCMs). Agricultural productivity mainly depends on the temperature, rainfall and soil moisture in China. The changes of agricultural productivity in the different parts of China induced by doubled CO2 have been estimated in this paper. It is shown that the greenhouse effect might cause increasing production in some parts of China and decreasing production in other parts of China.     

中国牦牛品种资源的研究进展

论文通过对大量的资料和论文查阅、分析和总结,以牦牛资源近十几年研究和生产为线索,从牦牛的资源研究现状、生态生理生化、遗传、种间杂交、本品种选育、野牦牛资源及利用、生产性能、营养及饲养管理、产品品质分析和开发利用以及牦牛疾病等研究内容着手,较全面而系统地阐述了我国牦牛科学近十几年的研究进展,并总结了牦牛科研和生产中存在的主要问题,为了解牦牛科学发展及对今后牦牛科研和生产具有一定的参考价值。     

磁化处理对水体的复氧速率及生物效应影响的研究

通过试验证明，磁化处理不仅可引起水体物理、化学性质的异常变化，而且还强烈影响水体的生物性质（刺激藻类生长、抑止异养菌数等）。磁化处理引起藻类生产力显著提高的特殊生物效应，对加速水体的复氧能力，提高自净效率，有着重要的意义。     

黄土高原旱地农业自然生产力潜势评价——兼论旱地农业的出路

本文运用系统工程理论,从理论与实践的结合上,对黄土高原旱地农业自然生态系统的土地、光、热、自然降水等各主要因子的生产潜力进行了评价。从而为开发该地区旱地农业的自然生产力潜势提供了科学依据。本文还通过对旱地农业生态经济系统可控制因素与非可控制因素的分析,以及从人类经济再生产行为方式等角度,对旱地自然生产力蕴藏着巨大潜势和“越穷越垦、越垦越穷”这一历史事实构成的悖论作出了科学解释,否定了“十年九旱”是旱地农业增产的主要制约因素的传统观点,为开发旱地农业资源提供了一条现实的、可供选择的思路。     

2004年春夏季河北海域叶绿素a分布和初级生产力估算

2004年春季5月和夏季8月进行的河北海洋资源调查研究表明:全海域春季5月表层叶绿素a介于0.34～11,39mg/m3,平均值为3.72 mg/m3,底层叶绿素a介于0.87～7.85 mg/m3,平均值为3.03 mg/m3;夏季8月表层叶绿素a介于1.1～18.3 mg/m3,平均值为4.52 mg/m3,底层叶绿素a介于0.4～7.8 mg/m3,平均值为3.95 mg/m3.初级生产力(以C计)春季5月介于112.26～1323.68 mg/m2·d,平均值为504.79 mg/m2·d,夏季8月介于83.92～4265.73 mg/m2·d,平均值为774.96 mg/m2·d.总体趋势是南部海区(沧州海区)叶绿素a含量高于北部海区(秦皇岛、唐山海区)叶绿素a含量,秦皇岛海区初级生产力估算值最高,唐山海区最低.