Appljcation of the thermal lens effectfor determination of iodide

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碘化物-罗丹明6G体系共振瑞利散射法测定痕量铅

在稀磷酸介质中 ,铅 (Ⅱ )与过量的I-离子形成 [PbI4]2 -配阴离子 ,并进一步与罗丹明 6G(Rh6G )形成离子缔合配合物 ,产生强烈的共振瑞利散射 (RRS )光谱 ,最大RRS波长位于 315nm 对共振瑞利散射光谱特性、主要影响因素和反应的最佳条件进行了研究 ,在 4 0× 10 -5%D 2 0× 10 -4μg·ml-1范围内 ,共振瑞利散射强度与铅的浓度成线性关系 ,实验结果表明 ,铅的检出限为 3 5× 10 -5μg·ml-1,可用于自来水中痕量铅的测定     

FDA-PI双色荧光法检测蓝藻细胞活性的研究

对FDA-PI双色荧光法检测水华鱼腥藻和铜绿微囊藻的活性进行了研究,用荧光显微镜对染色结果进行测定.结果表明,在蓝色光激发下(495nm),活细胞被双醋酸荧光素FDA染成亮绿色,死亡细胞被碘化丙锭PI染成红色.染色效率与原植体类型和细胞密度有关.对细胞密度为6×107—7×109个·l-1的铜绿微囊藻,FDA染色效率可达94%以上.对细胞密度为4×107—5×108个·l-1的水华鱼腥藻,FDA染色效率可达91%以上,但细胞密度增大到5×109个·l-1时,由于藻丝体易卷曲在一起,FDA染色率下降到67%.对死亡细胞,PI染色率基本都可达到100%.因此,用FDA-PI检测活细胞和死亡细胞混合的细胞悬液,可根据细胞所发出的不同荧光而判断细胞活性.     

高碘地下卤水中细菌产碘氧化酶的影响因素

高碘地下卤水的细菌碘氧化过程可以减轻工艺管线的生物污损危害。分离自高碘地下卤水中的细菌Roseovarius sp.IOB-7,其分泌的碘氧化酶可催化氧化碘离子生成能够抑制敏感菌生长的碘单质,从而减少生物污损。实验结果显示,加入16μmol/L的Cu~(2+)可促进IOB-7的生长,并将碘氧化酶活力提高了1.75倍。碘氧化酶的最适反应温度为50℃,最适pH为5.5。以碘离子为底物的催化氧化反应中,当pH值为9时,Trametes versicolor漆酶已经完全失活,而碘氧化酶则仍然保持了32%的相对酶活力,显示出更好的pH应用范围和稳定性。开展高碘地下卤水环境中细菌碘氧化酶的研究,对利用生物酶法进行工艺管线生物污损的防治有积极的指导意义。     

碘化钾-淀粉试纸法测定余氯

基于余氯对碘化钾的氧化作用和碘淀粉反应,本文提出了测定余氯的碘化钾－淀粉试纸法。研究了最佳测试条件,用于测定医院污水中的余氯,获得满意结果。测量范围为１．０－１０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

PRELIMINARY STUDIES IN THE TERRESTRIAL DISPOSITION OF SILVER FROM CLOUD SEEDING1

ABSTRACT. Silver iodide is currently the most favored cloud seeding material in weather modification projects. While the literature indicates that its ecological effects are likely to be insignificant, its disposition in the terrestrial ecosystem after snow melt has not been adequately studied. Silver levels in soil, plant and litter material are being monitored twice a year on a mountainous area in southwestern Colorado, to determine whether annual accretion from cloud seeding can be measured with current techniques and whether significant changes in silver concentration take place in grass, aspen, and spruce communities. One AgI generator site is also being monitored. Comparison of silver concentrations in terrestrial components of the target area indicates no measurable increase after the first winter's seeding. On an ash basis, spruce foliage and litter contain about four times as much silver as soil. On a dry weight basis, soil from all three plant communities contains about six times as much silver as foliage. Consistent increases in silver concentration were found in soil and pine foliage within 200 meters of one generator site.     

高锰酸盐氧化-碘量法测定高锰酸盐指数

在高锰酸盐指数的测定方法中,标准碱性法具有较强的抗氯离子干扰能力,但对于高氯离子浓度水样,在酸化后的滴定过程中高锰酸盐可使氯离子氧化导致滴定终点难于辨认。采用高锰酸盐氧化－碘量法（以下简称碘量法）可以较好地解决这一问题。试验得出：碘化钾加入量为４～５ｍＬ（０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）,氯离子浓度在１２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下对测定结果基本无影响;Ｆｅ３＋对结果有负干扰,当用氟离子掩蔽后,Ｆｅ３＋浓度对测定结果基本上无影响;碘量法的回收率在９６％～１０２％之间。     

石墨相氮化碳-碘氧化铋层状异质结的构建及其光催化杀菌性能

以脲素作为前驱物,采用热聚合法制备薄层石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4),然后在其表面原位合成层状碘氧化铋,构筑石墨相氮化碳-碘氧化铋层状异质结(g-C_3N_4/BiOI).合成样品的形貌、比表面积、晶体结构、分子结构、光吸收性能及其表面特性分别采用透射电镜、BET氮吸附、X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱仪、紫外可见漫反射和X射线光电子能谱分析进行表征,并考察合成的催化剂在可见光照射下光催化杀菌性能,研究中通过牺牲剂捕获的方法进一步揭示合成的g-C_3N_4/BiOI在杀菌过程中的机制.结果表明,合成的样品具有层状异质结结构,其比表面积为63 m~2·g~(-1),合成样品光吸收边可以达到600 nm.光催化活性测试表明g-C_3N_4/BiOI能够在4 h内将细菌杀死,其杀菌效果明显高于纯的g-C_3N_4和BiOI,其在光催化灭菌过程中主要的活性物种是光生空穴.     

山东、安徽省村镇饮用水源中碘化物的分布、来源及存在的健康风险

村镇中小型饮用水源是中国农村饮用水的主要类型,对该类水源中碘化物分布特征的研究较少.为探明山东、安徽村镇饮用水源中碘化物的分布、来源及存在的饮用健康风险,于2021年10—11月对该区域97个代表性村镇饮用水源（湖库、河流、地下水）进行调研和样品采集,综合水化学分析、统计学和风险评价等方法进行分析.结果表明,研究区水体中碘化物的浓度为0.1~294.5 μg·L^-1,其中15%的点位为高碘型 水源,集中在山东菏泽和安徽北部的地下水源,50%的点位为缺碘型水源,以地表水源为主.碘化物浓度与水化学类型密切相关,Ca²⁺·HCO₃^-型水源中74%为缺碘型,Na⁺·HCO₃^-型水源中45%为高碘型.岩石风化的空间异质性导致水化学类型存在差异,水岩作用下的阳离子交换使沉积岩中的碘释放到水中,蒸发浓缩使水中的碘化物富集.健康风险评价表明,2%的水源（菏泽郓城县、淮北濉溪县）的儿童风险熵大于1,成人的高碘饮用水健康风险较低.     

Midas’ Not-So-Golden Touch: On the Demise of Methyl Iodide as a Soil Fumigant in California

The demise of the soil fumigant, Midas, was heralded as a major environmental movement achievement, when Arysta LifeScience eventually deemed it economically non-viable and withdrew from US markets just before resolution of a lawsuit. Building on scholarship that focuses on strategy to understand how social movements sometimes win, we show how activist tactics were able to exploit the missteps of their opponents. These included the unreasonable expectations of Arysta for grower adoptions, the foibles of the director of California's Department of Pesticide Regulation in registering the chemical, and the reluctance of California's strawberry industry to discontinue use of methyl bromide. Although activist tactics, such as public comments and protests, had only a modest impact on the regulatory process, they had a major impact on grower adoptions of the chemical. This, together with a lawsuit that was not going well for the defendants, ultimately led to the withdrawal. Still, there was a great deal of luck involved, especially in the lawsuit in which the judge made rulings and statements favourable to the plaintiffs. Here, ‘scientization’, worked in favour of the movement rather than the industry.