介质阻挡放电等离子体降解CF4

采用介质阻挡放电(DBD)等离子体技术降解强温室气体CF₄,考察了外加气体氧气(O₂)、空气、氩气 (Ar) 对DBD降解CF₄的影响. 结果表明:随着放电时间的延长,CF₄降解率升高. 3种外加气体条件下,CF₄的降解率依次为Ar>空气>O₂. 外施电压1 000 V,Ar条件下放电4 min,CF₄降解率可达98.2%,而O₂条件下CF₄降解率只有36.9%. 水汽对CF₄降解有一定抑制作用. 红外光谱检测结果表明,降解产物主要为CO₂,CO和COF₂.      

硫酸亚铈催化下二苯甲烷的合成

介绍苯和苯甲醇在环境友好型催化剂硫酸亚铈的催化下合成二苯甲烷,研究了催化剂用量、反应时间对该傅克反应的影响.实验结果表明,该催化剂具有良好的催化活性,实验过程简单,无腐蚀,无废水污染.表1,参4.     

Interaction between cadmium,lead and potassium fertilizer (K<Subscript>2</Subscript>SO<Subscript>4</Subscript>) in a soil-plant system

A pot experiment was conducted to examine the influence of potassium (K) fertilizer (K₂SO₄) application on the phytoavailability and speciation distribution of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in soil. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was selected as the test plant. There were seven treatments including single and combined contamination of Cd and Pb. CdCl₂·2.5 H₂O and Pb(NO₃)₂ were added to the soil at the following dosages: Cd + Pb = 0.00 + 0.00, 5.00 + 0.00, 25.0 + 0.00, 0.00 + 500, 0.00 + 1000, 5.00 + 500 and 25.0 + 1000 mg kg⁻¹, denoted by CK, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively. The K fertilizer had five levels: 0.00, 50.0, 100, 200 and 400 mg K₂O kg⁻¹ soil, denoted by K0, K1, K2, K3 and K4, respectively. The results showed that the K fertilizer promoted the dry weight (DW) of wheat in all treatments and alleviated the contamination by Cd and Pb. The application of K₂SO₄ reduced the uptake of Cd in different parts including roots, haulms and grains of wheat; the optimum dosage was the K2 level. K supply resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the soluble plus exchangeable (SE) fraction of Cd and there was a negative correlation (not significant, P > 0.05) between the levels of K and the SE fraction of Cd in soil. The application of the K fertilizer could obviously restrain the uptake of Pb by wheat and there were significant (P < 0.05) negative correlations between the concentrations of Pb in grains and the levels of K in soil. K supply resulted in a decrease in the SE fraction of Pb (except the K1 level) from the K0 to K4 levels. At the same time, the application of the K fertilizer induced a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the weakly specifically adsorbed (WSA) fraction of Pb and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the bound to Fe–Mn oxides (OX) fraction of Pb. At different K levels, the concentration of Pb in the roots, haulms and grains had a positive correlation with the SE (not significant, P > 0.05) and WSA (significant, P < 0.05) fractions of Pb in the soil. All the K application levels in this experiment reduced the phytoavailability of Cd and Pb. Thus, it is feasible to apply K fertilizer (K₂SO₄) to alleviate contamination by Cd and/or Pb in soil. Moreover, the level of K application should be considered to obtain an optimal effect with the minimum dosage.     

Na_3PO_4-粉煤灰胶结材组合工艺处理垃圾焚烧飞灰

垃圾焚烧飞灰由于重金属含量高,被认为是危险废物,必须要加以稳定化处理。Na3PO4-粉煤灰组合工艺被用来稳定-固化焚烧飞灰中的重金属。结果表明,Na3PO4稳定-粉煤灰胶结材固化组合处理飞灰降低重金属浸出浓度明显,1.5%Na3PO4,25%掺量的粉煤灰胶结材固化飞灰后,养护7 d即可满足填埋标准。     

2,4-DNT对鲤鱼的急性和亚急性毒性

实验测定２,４－ＤＮＴ对鲤鱼的急生和亚急性亚急性试验经１．６４０,３．２８０,４．９１９,６．５５９,９．１０９ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１２,４－ＤＮＴ暴露３６ｄ,在１５－１９℃下,２４,４８,７２,９６ｈ的ＬＣ５０值分别为３０．７８,２７．２５,８４．２４,９６ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１。     

络合萃取法处理高浓度CLT酸废水的研究

采用7301正辛醇-H2SO4-NaOH化学萃取-反萃取体系对CLT酸废水进行了络合萃取处理试验。静态杯皿试验表明,通过萃取处理,CLT酸废水的COD去除率达93．5％．反萃取效率100％,废水中的回收物浓缩8～10倍,且萃取剂可再生回用。     

纳米Pd/Fe双金属对2,4-二氯酚的脱氯机理及动力学

采用纳米Pd Fe双金属对2,4 二氯酚(2,4 DCP)进行了催化还原脱氯处理.结果表明,纳米Pd Fe双金属具有较高的比表面积和反应活性,对2,4 DCP具有较好的脱氯效率.当纳米Pd Fe用量在6g·L-1时,2,4 DCP脱氯率达到90%以上;脱氯效率与pH值、温度、钯化率、Pd Fe投加量等因素有关.2,4 DCP在脱氯过程中先生成邻氯酚和对氯酚,而后继续脱氯生成苯酚,或由2,4 DCP直接降解成苯酚.2,4 DCP降解符合拟一级反应动力学.2,4 DCP催化还原脱氯反应的活化能为139 7kJ·mol-1.     

铬盐废渣解毒研究

通过试验测定了长沙铬盐厂铬盐废渣的性质。正交试验研究得出了以硫酸铵[(NH4)2SO4]为解毒剂的铬渣干法解毒最佳工艺。即以粒径为75μm铬渣与加入量为13．3％(质量百分比)、粒径为427μm的硫酸铵混合均匀,于500℃急速加热30min、闭炉门冷却,解毒处理效率达96．41％。     

天然锰矿催化臭氧氧化降解水中4-氯酚的研究

以天然锰矿为金属催化剂,研究了锰矿催化臭氧氧化水中4-氯酚的降解效果。采用毛细管电泳方法及色质联用技术．分别对反应的中间产物和终产物进行了分析。推测了锰矿催化臭氧氧化水中4-氯酚的降解反应机理可能为：锰矿的吸附氧化与锰矿生成的Mn^2 催化臭氧分解．产生更多高活性的羟基自由基．从而提高了臭氧的氧化能力。     

COD/SO42-对青霉素菌渣厌氧消化影响

针对抗生素菌渣厌氧消化过程SO_4~(2-)的抑制问题,利用批试实验对不同COD/SO_4~(2-)比青霉素菌渣厌氧消化产气潜能以及产酸相物质利用特性进行了研究.结果表明,COD/SO_4~(2-)≥3时,微生物发生了适应性驯化,产气潜能在发酵10 d后逐渐恢复,累积产甲烷量(以TS计)超过208 m L·g-1,超过71%的COD转化为CH4;COD/SO_4~(2-)≤1.5时,产甲烷分别受到49%及完全抑制,有机物及SO_4~(2-)的去除率分别不足17%和5%,表明较高SO_4~(2-)负荷下产甲烷菌(MPB)及硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)同时发生抑制,COD平衡分析表明,转化为CH4的COD不足9.1%,而还原为SO_4~(2-)的COD保持在5.0%~9.0%,说明MPB比SRB对S2-的抑制更为敏感;S平衡分析表明,还原的SO_4~(2-)大部分以S2-的形式存在于发酵液中,少部分以H2S的形式存在于生物气中;产酸过程物质利用特性分析表明,溶解性蛋白质的甲烷化是在溶解性碳水化物甲烷化之后才开始.