荞麦皮生物吸附去除水中罗丹明B的吸附条件响应面法及热力学研究

采用Box-Behnken响应面优化实验设计对荞麦皮生物吸附去除水中染料罗丹明B的影响因素（如温度、pH值、染料初始浓度、吸附剂用量）进行研究,建立了去除率与上述因素之间的二次多项式模型,得到荞麦皮去除罗丹明B的最佳条件为：温度50℃、pH=2、罗丹明B初始浓度100mg·L^-1、吸附剂用量11.75g·L^-1,最...     

Modeling assessment for ammonium nitrogen recovery from wastewater by chemical precipitation

Chemical precipitation to form magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) is an effective technology for recovering ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +-N). In the present research, we investigated the thermodynamic modeling of the PHREEQC program for NH4 +-N recovery to evaluate the effect of reaction factors on MAP precipitation. The case study of NH4 +-N recovery from coking wastewater was conducted to provide a comparison. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to assist in understanding the relative significance of reaction factors and the interactive effects of solution conditions. Thermodynamic modeling indicated that the saturation index (SI) of MAP followed a polynomial function of pH. The SI of MAP increased logarithmically with the Mg2+/NH4 + molar ratio (Mg/N) and the initial NH4 +-N concentration (CN), respectively, while it decreased with an increase in Ca2+/NH4 + and CO3 2??/NH4 + molar ratios (Ca/N and CO3 2??/N), respectively. The trends for NH4 +-N removal at different pH and Mg/N levels were similar to the thermodynamic modeling predictions. The RSM analysis indicated that the factors including pH, Mg/N, CN, Ca/N, (Mg/N) (CO3 2??/N), (pH)2, (Mg/N)2, and (CN)2 were significant. Response surface plots were useful for understanding the interaction effects on NH4 +-N recovery.     

中心组合设计优化S-Cr-TiO2催化剂光降解工艺条件

在确定的温度和光照条件下,采用中心组合设计法研究了固相反应法合成的硫与铬共掺杂二氧化钛(S-Cr-TiO2)光催化剂与水溶苯胺蓝(ANB)可见光降解过程中的三个作用因子:催化剂的浓度、水溶苯胺蓝水溶液的pH值及其初始浓度之间的相互作用关系,得到了影响因子与降解速率之间的回归方程及因素之间相互作用的响应面图.结果表明,S...     

Bitter coil design methodology for electromagnetic pulse metal processing techniques

Electromagnetic pulse metal processing techniques (EPMPT) such as welding, forming and cutting have proven to be an effective solution to specific manufacturing problems. A high pulse magnetic field coil is a critical part of these technologies and its design is a challenging task. This paper describes a Bitter coil design using a newly developed methodology for a simplified analytical calculation of the coil and complementary finite element models (FE) of different complexity. Based on the methodology a Belgian Welding Institute (BWI) Bitter coil has been designed and tested by means of short circuit experiments, impedance and B-field measurements. A good agreement between the calculated and the experimental design parameters was found.     

Myrothecium verrucaria NF-08产漆酶条件的响应面法优化及粗酶染料脱色研究

以半知菌属疣孢漆斑菌Myrothecium verrucaria NF-08为供试菌,采用响应面方法优化菌株产漆酶条件,并以其漆酶粗酶进行3种结构类型6种染料的脱色试验,考察了粗酶浓度、温度和p H值对脱色率的影响.两水平析因设计、中心组合设计和验证试验结果表明:葡萄糖浓度为15.4 g·L~(-1)、蛋白胨浓度为43.3 g·L~(-1)和培养基初始p H值为6.68时,漆酶活性达到最大值(25.58±1.60)U·m L~(-1),是单因素试验(16.82 U·m L~(-1))的1.52倍,提高了52.1%.以上述发酵条件获得的M.verrucaria NF-08漆酶粗酶对3种结构类型染料均有脱色效果,排序为偶氮类优于芳甲烷类优于蒽醌类.脱色率随粗酶浓度增大(2~8 U·m L~(-1))、反应温度升高(15~35℃)而上升,随p H值上升(4~10)而下降.粗酶浓度为5 U·m L~(-1),反应温度为25℃,p H值为4时,偶氮类染料铬黑T和芳甲烷类染料碱性品红即可几乎完全脱色,脱色率分别为99.2%和94.6%.     

Systematic review on the implementation methodologies of inherent safety in chemical process

The accomplishments of inherent safety in the field of loss prevention thus far are impressive due to its scientific philosophy: reducing risks at source rather than adding engineered and procedural protections. Generally, the implementation of inherent safety can be done through a cohesive set of fourteen principles elucidated by Kletz and Amyotte. This work, guided by the fourteen principles, presents a systematic review on the implementation methodologies of inherent safety. Firstly, PRISMA procedure was adopted to select eligible literatures according to inclusive and exclusive criteria. After obtaining the selected literatures, the preference, level of application, and gaps in using these principles were critically analyzed. Of the fourteen principles, intensification, substitution, attenuation, simplification, limitation of effects, and avoidance of knock-on effects are preferable to implementing inherent safety in chemical process. Although the remaining principles are also potentially useful, they are not commonly used due to their costs and complexities of implementation. Overall, this work presents a complete spectrum to look across the implementation methodologies of inherent safety and concludes with some holistic and inclusive approaches as future research recommendations.     

响应面法优化预氧化强化混凝处理铁锰地下水

以KMnO_4为氧化剂,Al_2(SO_4)_3·18H_2O为混凝剂,含铁锰离子地下水为模拟用水,考察预氧化强化混凝法的效果。利用响应面设计试验,分析氧化剂投加量、混凝剂投加量和pH值对铁锰去除的交互作用。模型优化结果显示,在氧化剂投加量4.16 mg/L,混凝剂投加量263.68 mg/L,pH值为7.54的最佳工艺参数下,铁锰去除率分别可达98.22%和97.49%。     

Bottom up and top down: analysis of participatory processes for sustainability indicator identification as a pathway to community empowerment and sustainable environmental management

The modern environmental management literature stresses the need for community involvement to identify indicators to monitor progress towards sustainable development and environmental management goals. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of participatory processes on sustainability indicator identification and environmental management in three disparate case studies. The first is a process of developing partnerships between First Nations communities, environmental groups, and forestry companies to resolve conflicts over forest management in Western Canada. The second describes a situation in Botswana where local pastoral communities worked with development researchers to reduce desertification. The third case study details an on-going government led process of developing sustainability indicators in Guernsey, UK, that was designed to monitor the environmental, social, and economic impacts of changes in the economy. The comparative assessment between case studies allows us to draw three primary conclusions. (1) The identification and collection of sustainability indicators not only provide valuable databases for making management decisions, but the process of engaging people to select indicators also provides an opportunity for community empowerment that conventional development approaches have failed to provide. (2) Multi-stakeholder processes must formally feed into decision-making forums or they risk being viewed as irrelevant by policy-makers and stakeholders. (3) Since ecological boundaries rarely meet up with political jurisdictions, it is necessary to be flexible when choosing the scale at which monitoring and decision-making occurs. This requires an awareness of major environmental pathways that run through landscapes to understand how seemingly remote areas may be connected in ways that are not immediately apparent.     

响应面法优化酸性玫瑰红B光催化氧化的影响参数

利用中心组合设计和响应面分析方法对影响UV/TiO2光催化降解酸性玫瑰红B的主要因素(初始pH值、K2S2O8浓度、TiO2浓度)进行分析.其中初始pH值、K2S2O8浓度和TiO2浓度的高、低水平分别为4-5.6,26-36mg·l-1和0.53-1.87mg·l-1,分析参数为脱色率的变化.通过使用Design-Expert 5软件可得到1个2次响应曲面模型,最佳的初始pH值、K2S2O8浓度和TiO2浓度分别为4.69,29.73mg·l-1和1.18 mg·l-1,脱色率达到最大(94.21%).     

环境工艺方法论研究——资源扩容法

资源扩容法是探索新型环境工程工艺的重要方法,其核心思想是认为世界上不存在绝对的废弃物,只有放错位置的资源。本文通过对资源扩容法理论及其应用实例的详细论述,揭示了资源扩容法所蕴涵的哲学理论。