Relationship between PM10 and PM2.5 levels in high-traffic area determined using path analysis and linear regression

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) levels as related to meteorological conditions and traffic flow using both a linear regression analysis and a path analysis. The Particulate matter(PM) samples were collected from Sukhumvit road, Bangkok, Thailand, at both open(104 samples) and covered(92 samples)areas along the road. Fifteen percent of all samples were separated before the statistical models were run and used for model validation. The results from the path analysis were more elaborate than those from the linear regression, thus indicating that meteorological conditions had a direct effect on the particulate levels and that the effects of traffic flow were more variable in open areas. The model also indicated that meteorological conditions had an indirect effect and that traffic flow had a direct effect on particulate levels in covered areas. The model validation results indicated that for open areas, the R~2 values were not very different between the path analysis and the linear regression model, but that the path analysis was more accurate than the linear regression model at very low PM concentrations. At high PM concentrations, the path analysis model also had a better fit than did the linear regression, so the predictions from the path analysis model were more accurate than those from the linear regression.     

天津市公交站人群PM10暴露研究及PAHs健康风险评估

2012年9月在天津市城市交通密集区(八里台、海光寺公交车站)采集可吸入颗粒物(PM10)样品,并对采集的样品进行有机分析.在此基础上,针对公交车站候车的成年人群,应用美国EPA开发的电子数据库IRIS(Integrated Risk Information System),对可吸入颗粒物中的多环芳烃(PAHs)成分进行了健康风险评估.暴露采样的分析结果表明,两车站的PM10暴露浓度均值分别为(279.0±63.7)μg·m-3和(335.0±60.0)μg·m-3,其中的总多环芳烃质量浓度分别为(219.0±98.5)ng·m-3、(171.0±52.7)ng·m-3.多环芳烃致癌健康风险评估结果显示,两站候车人群在候车过程中的致癌风险分别为2.47×10-7、1.75×10-7,低于美国EPA所认可的可接受风险范围(10-6~10-4).     

群体感应淬灭菌的分离及其膜污染控制性能

通过淬灭细菌的群体感应系统来抑制生物膜形成、防止膜生物污染的方法近年来受到广泛关注.本实验从实际运行污水处理厂活性污泥中分离出5株具有群体感应淬灭功能的菌株,其中菌株HG10对信号分子N-乙酰高丝氨酸环内酯(C6-HSL)分解能力最强.经16S rRNA基因序列比对,初步鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus).用海藻酸钠将菌株HG10进行包埋固定,以探究其在膜过滤系统中对膜污染防治的效果.结果表明,经过8 d培养,添加细菌包埋珠(SA-HG10)的实验组B中膜通量为181.29 L·(m~2·h)~(-1),未投加包埋珠的对照组A膜通量为110.64 L·(m~2·h)~(-1),B组膜通量比A组高出63.86%;对微滤膜片上生物膜中EPS含量测定表明,实验组B中EPS多糖和蛋白质含量较对照组A分别减少了29%和48%,疏水性蛋白质含量的大量减少是造成膜污染减弱的主要原因;膜表面胞外聚合物(EPS)总含量减少了43%,表明投放SA-HG10细菌包埋珠对过滤膜片上生物膜形成具有明显抑制作用,改善了膜过滤性能.     

两种奥氏体不锈钢酸性盐雾腐蚀行为研究

目的研究0Cr18Ni9(钝化)不锈钢与0Cr18Ni10Ti(钝化)不锈钢在酸性盐雾条件下的腐蚀行为,为发动机零件选材及防护措施的改进提供依据。方法按GJB150.11A—2009《军用装备环境试验方法盐雾试验》进行,调节溶液p H到3.5±0.5,以24 h喷雾润湿+24 h干燥为一个循环,分别开展2(96 h)、4(192 h)、5(240 h)个循环的酸性盐雾试验。采用目视、称量、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能谱仪(EDS)对盐雾腐蚀后试样进行观察及分析。结果 0Cr18Ni9(钝化)与0Cr18Ni10Ti(钝化)两种奥氏体不锈钢均发生了轻微的腐蚀,主要为局部腐蚀及均匀腐蚀。结论两种金属在酸性盐雾条件下耐蚀性良好,且可满足目前海军型发动机对材料耐酸性盐雾腐蚀的要求,0Cr18Ni9(钝化)略优于0Cr18Ni10Ti(钝化)。     

西藏高原草原化小嵩草草甸生长季土壤微生物呼吸测定

以西藏当雄县草原化小嵩草草甸生态系统为研究为对象,利用Li6400-09对生长季土壤微生物异养呼吸进行了测定。土壤异养呼吸R(h)动态与土壤温度T()变化趋势一致,尤其与5cm地温相关性最强,说明5cm地温是土壤微生物异养呼吸的主要限制因子。在生长季中土壤异养呼吸与5cm土壤温度呈现不同的函数关系:在降水比较集中的雨季(6～8月),函数关系是Rh=0.106exp0.133T;在降水相对较少的旱季(5月,9～10月),函数关系是Rh=0.18exp0.0833T。在生长季中,雨季土壤日异养呼吸量为2.4g CO₂.m-2,雨季异养呼吸总量为219.6g CO₂.m-2,Q 10为3.8;旱季日异养呼吸量为1.8g CO₂.m-2,呼吸总量为160.2gCO 2.m-2,Q 10值为2.3。结果表明,土壤异养呼吸在降水集中的雨季对土壤温度反应更敏感,在生长季不同时期由于降水格局的影响,土壤水分对土壤微生物异养呼吸对温度的响应有调节作用。2004年生长季(5～10月)土壤异养呼吸总量达379.8gCO₂.m-2。     

北京大气PM10中水溶性氯盐的观测研究

氯盐是大气气溶胶中重要水溶性无机盐,对2004年全年北京大气可吸入颗粒中氯盐的变化进行了监测,结果表明北京大气中可溶性氯盐的年均值在(3.1±1.7)μg·m^-3,采暖期平均浓度为(4.6±2.1)μg·m^-3,非采暖期平均浓度为(2.6±1.6)μg·m^-3.最低值出现在5月,为(1.3±0.8)μg·m^-3;最高值出现在12月,为(5.8±5.3)μg·m^-3.日变化在秋冬季多为白天浓度低,晚上浓度高,夏春季多呈现上午高,下午低的特征;季节变化呈现秋冬季高,春夏季低的特点.     

北京市MODIS气溶胶光学厚度与PM_(10)质量浓度的相关性分析

利用北京地区2012年1—12月NASA MODIS气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)和通过空气污染指数(API)转换得到的PM10质量浓度进行了相关性分析.结果发现,二者的直接相关程度较低,在引入季节变化的气溶胶标高且考虑了气溶胶的垂直分布后,进行标高订正,二者的相关系数有所提高;在考虑了湿度影响因子后,进行湿度订正,二者的相关系数显著提高;引入平均风速、平均气温和平均气压等气象因素,进行多元回归分析,相关系数进一步提高.证实了卫星遥感气溶胶光学厚度在经过垂直和湿度订正并考虑气象因素的情况下,可以作为监测北京地区颗粒物污染物地面分布的一个有效手段.     

Concentrations and chemical compositions of PM10 during hazy and non-hazy days in Beijing

In order to study the concentrations of major components,characteristics and comparison in hazy and non-hazy days of PM₁₀ in Beijing,aerosol samples were collected at urban site in Beijing from December 29,2014 to January 22,2015.Heavy metals like Zn,Pb,Mn,Cu,As,V,Cr and Cd were deeply studied considering their toxic effects on human being;nine water-soluble inorganic ions(SO₄^2-,NO₃^-,NH₄⁺,Na⁺,K⁺,Cl...