珠江三角洲四种森林类型土壤CO2通量特征研究

采用开路式土壤CO2通量测量系统Li-8100&Li-8150对珠江三角洲地区尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla)人工林、乡土树种恢复林、针阔叶混交林和常绿阔叶林4种林型的土壤CO2通量进行了观测。结果表明:4种森林类型年均土壤CO2通量为尾叶桉人工林(3.35μmol.m-2.s-1)>针阔叶混交林(2.66μmol.m-2.s-1)>乡土树种恢复林(2.09μmol.m-2.s-1)>常绿阔叶林(1.86μmol.m-2.s-1);旱季土壤CO2通量明显小于雨季。前3种森林类型凋落物呼吸处理表明,旱季对照组土壤CO2通量均小于相应的去除凋落物组、雨季则相反,全年的对比结果显示,3种森林类型的凋落物呼吸贡献分别达到1.3%、7.1%和10.8%。土壤CO2通量与10 cm土壤温度呈显著指数相关,且土壤CO2通量温度敏感指数表现为针阔叶混交林Q10最大(3.49),尾叶桉人工林Q10最小(1.95)。     

Farmer's perception and response towards land policy and eco-environment based on participatory rural appraisal: A case study in the Loess hilly area,China

Based on a survey of 107 farm households by means of participatory rural appraisal, this paper presents a region-level analysis of farmer's perception and response towards land policies and eco-environment in the Loess hilly area, China. The surveyed farmers are divided into two groups, farmers on non-irrigated farmland and farmers on irrigated farmland. The results indicate that most farmers mainly depend on cropland, especially the farmers on non-irrigated farmland. Farmers believe that stability and persistence of land policies are important, and most hold a positive attitude towards the Grain-for-Green Programme. The farmers on irrigated farmland have a more favourable attitude to environmental conservation than the farmers of non-irrigated farmland. Nearly 80% of interviewees consider that the local eco-environment has improved in the last ten years. About 45% never consider the environmental impact of their agriculture practices. About 55% think drought is the most important reason for eco-environment deterioration, overgrazing and serious soil erosion. Soil and water conservation is not conscious and voluntary behaviour for farmers, it is only a measure to guarantee their basic agricultural production and to improve their living conditions. Results indicate that farmers on nonirrigated land find engineering approaches more beneficial to agronomic methods. However, the farmers on irrigated farmland pay more attention to improving farmland quality.     

立地条件对麻栎人工林碳储量的影响

在江淮山地丘陵区,通过样地调查,研究了坡向和w对麻栎（Quercusacutisima）人工林系统碳密度及其空间分布的影响。结果表明：阴坡（SHS）树木碳密度显著高于阳坡（sus）（P〈0．05）,Wt镕i《1低的立地（sus）树木碳密度显著高于w、高的（suss）（P〈0．05）。3种立地条件下麻栎各器官碳密度分配均为：干碳密度〉根碳密度〉枝碳密度〉叶碳密度。SUS和SHS林木分配较多的碳同化物供给树干生长,SUSS林木分配较多的碳同化物供给根系和枝的生长。凋落物碳密度在SUS和SHS之间没有显著差异（P〉0．05）,而SUSS则显著低于SUS和SHS（JPl〈0．05）。整个剖面（0～50cm）土壤有机碳密度SHS显著高于SUS和SUSS（P〈O．05）,SUS和SUSS之间没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。麻栎人工林系统总碳密度大小为SHS（146．9t·hm^2。）〉SUS（116．9t·hm^-2）〉SUSS（102．6t·hm^-2）,SHS显著高于其他2种立地条件（P〈0．05）,SUS与SUSS之间没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。3种立地条件下均为土壤碳密度〉树木碳密度〉凋落物碳密度,凋落物碳密度占林分总碳密度的比例仅为2．1％～3．6％。SUS和SHS土壤碳密度占林分总碳密度的比例低于SUSS,而树木碳密度占林分总碳密度比例则相反。由此可见,在江淮山丘区,w较低的阴坡（SHS）最有利于麻栎人工林碳储量的累积,相对于w、较高的立地（suss）,较低的Wf±镕6砾1（sus）更有利于树木碳储量的增加。     

高温下焊接Q960钢H形截面柱局部稳定设计方法∗

为考察焊接 Q960 钢 H 形截面轴心受压柱局部稳定性能,采用 ABAQUS 软件建立有限元模型,经试验数据验证后,分析翼缘宽厚比、腹板高厚比、构件温度、构件长细比、初始几何缺陷和残余应力等参数对焊接 Q960 钢 H 形截面轴心受压柱局部屈曲强度的影响。研究表明,轴心受压柱的局部屈曲承载力主要与截面尺寸及构件温度有关。采用多国规范对试验试件的局部屈曲承载力进行计算,发现现有规范的设计方法不适用于高温下焊接 Q960 钢 H 形截面轴心受压柱局部屈曲承载力的计算。根据有限元分析结果提出焊接 Q960 钢 H 形截面轴心受压柱局部屈曲设计方法,与试验数据和有限元分析结果的对比表明所提方法能较准确地计算焊接 Q960 钢 H 形截面轴心受压柱不同温度下的局部屈曲承载力。     

酸性环境下Q2黄土压缩特性试验研究∗

针对酸性污染土物理力学性质恶化的现象,采用室内人工模拟受酸液污染土样的方法,开展土常规试验、压缩试验探究Q2黄土在酸液浸泡时间和酸液浓度双因素作用下,试样孔隙比、含水率等基本物理及压缩系数、压缩模量等指标和压缩e—p曲线的变化规律,以及水-酸耦合作用对黄土压缩性的影响规律。结果表明:浸泡时间一定时,随酸液浓度增大,含水率、孔隙比、压缩系数在逐渐增大,压缩模量在减小。浸泡12 d时,酸液浓度0.1 mol/L增加至3 mol/L,压缩系数a1-2由0.355 MPa-1增大到1.275 MPa-1,压缩模量Es1-2由5.580 MPa减小至1.855 MPa;酸液浓度一定时,随浸泡时间延长,含水率、孔隙比、压缩系数在逐渐增大,压缩模量在减小。酸液浓度3 mol/L时,浸泡时间从1 d至12 d,压缩系数a1-2由0.308 MPa-1增大到1.275 MPa-1,压缩模量Es1-2由6.301 MPa减小至1.855MPa;水-酸耦合作用提高了黄土压缩性,且在充分浸泡条件下,酸液对黄土压缩性的影响远大于水的影响。研究结果可为酸蚀黄土区工程建设提供相关参考。     

Q4 Safety在海洋石油安全管理中的应用

简要介绍了安全生产管理软件Q4 Safety在曹妃甸油田的应用背景;着重从危险辨识和风险评估、隔离的管理和控制、工作许可的管理和控制、测试单的管理和控制以及相关负责人五个方面,结合工作流程,对该软件在海上油田的应用情况进行了介绍和分析,并提出了建议.     

基于MIL-53(Fe)构建异相UV/H2O2活化体系高效降解水中四氢呋喃

为克服均相光-芬顿体系中pH范围窄、H₂O₂活化效率低、Fe²⁺无法循环使用等缺陷,制备了Fe基MOFs材料MIL-53(Fe)以构建异相H₂O₂高效活化体系,并通过XRD、XPS以及UV-vis等表征,以探究MIL-53(Fe)/UV/H₂O₂体系去除THF的性能及机理等. 降解实验结果表明MIL-53(Fe)/UV/H₂O₂体系相比于UV/H₂O₂,降解效率提升了2.4倍,其准一阶降解速率常数(0.0487 min⁻¹)是UV/H₂O₂体系(0.0205 min⁻¹)的2.375倍,并在pH≈6.8(原水),H₂O₂添加量为20 mmol·L⁻¹,MIL-53(Fe)投加量为0.1 g·L⁻¹时,降解效果最佳,50 min达到了94.7%;通过LC-MS分析确定了中间产物,提出了可能的THF降解途径,并利用Gaussian软件通过DFT计算作了验证;从OUR、BOD₅/COD、AOS(高级氧化态)、COS(碳氧化态)4方面证明了降解前后溶液可生化性由弱到强的提升;结合活性物种淬灭实验、Fe³⁺、e⁻蒙蔽实验以及价导带分析提出了潜在的THF降解机理,验证出·OH是THF降解过程中最重要的活性物种,而光生e⁻是反应速率提升的主要驱动者.     

Traps and transformations influencing the financial viability of tourism on private‐land conservation areas

The ability of private conservation organizations to remain financially viable is a key factor influencing their effectiveness. One‐third of financially motivated private‐land conservation areas (PLCAs) surveyed in South Africa are unprofitable, raising questions about landowners’ abilities to effectively adapt their business models to the socioeconomic environment. In any complex system, options for later adaptation can be constrained by starting conditions (path dependence). We tested 3 hypothesized drivers of path dependence in PLCA ecotourism and hunting business models: (H1) the initial size of a PLCA limits the number of mammalian game and thereby predators that can be sustained; (H2) initial investments in infrastructure limit the ability to introduce predators; and (H3) rainfall limits game and predator abundance. We further assessed how managing for financial stability (optimized game stocking) or ecological sustainability (allowing game to fluctuate with environmental conditions) influenced the ability to overcome path dependence. A mechanistic PLCA model based on simple ecological and financial rules was run for different initial conditions and management strategies, simulating landowner options for adapting their business model annually. Despite attempts by simulated landowners to increase profits, adopted business models after 13 years were differentiated by initial land and infrastructural assets, supporting H1 and H2. A conservation organization's initial assets can cause it to become locked into a financially vulnerable business model. In our 50‐year simulation, path dependence was overcome by fewer of the landowners who facilitated natural ecological variability than those who maintained constant hunting rates and predator numbers, but the latter experienced unsustainably high game densities in low rainfall years. Management for natural variability supported long‐term ecological sustainability but not shorter term socioeconomic sustainability for PLCAs. Our findings highlight trade‐offs between ecological and economic sustainability and suggest a role for governmental support of the private conservation industry.     

Effects of nonylphenol on ovarian cancer cells PEO4 c-myc and p53 mRNA and protein expression

The molecular mechanisms underlying proliferation and apoptosis induced by p-nonylphenol (NP) through regulation of mRNA and protein expression of c-myc, p53 mRNA and the protein was investigated using ovarian cancer PEO4 cells. PEO4 cells were grown in the Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM), 3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was employed to investigate cell proliferation. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry was performed to determine mRNA and protein expression of PEO4 c-myc and p53. Within the range of approximately 8–9×10^?7 mol L^?1, NP stimulated proliferation in PEO4 cells in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analyses revealed that treatment with 32 × 10^?7 mol L^?1 NP for 72 hr resulted in increased mRNA and protein expression of PEO4 c-myc and p53. Evidence indicates that NP exerted estrogenic actions and stimulated proliferation in estrogen responsive ovarian cancer PEO4 cells by up-regulation of c-myc mRNA and protein expression.