对专业英语教学的几点思考

专业英语教学目的的特殊性,决定了其教学方式的特殊性.但在教学实践中,大多数教师并未对专业英语的教学引起足够的重识,只是当作一门公共外语来讲授,使得教学结果并未达到教学目标的要求.笔者认为,专业英语既不同于公共英语,也不同于专业课程,而是使学生在英语和专业知识方面搭建的"桥梁",使学生通过专业英语的学习可以初步具备应用英语学习专业知识、提高专业技能的能力.     

城市大气环境质量的协同评价

根据系统科学思想,在城市大气环境质量（ＡＡＱ）评价中,对＂本质＂与＂异质＂ＡＡＱ等量齐观,并强调污染物的低浓度长时间效应．本文探讨了两者的协同评价方法,利用常规监测资料对５个城市作了实例分析．研究结果与实际情况有较好的一致性．     

套种籽西瓜对杉木幼林生产力和林地质量的影响

8年(1985—1992)的试验研究,证明杉木幼林套种籽西瓜不仅提高了林分的生物生产力,而且增加了林地养分归还量,促进了林地土壤理化性质的改良,有效地防止了林地的水土流失,是一种速生高效和生态协调的山地立体经营模式。     

Effect of queen quality on interactions between workers and dueling queens in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies

The fitness of a social insect colony depends greatly on the quality (i.e., mating ability, fecundity, and offspring viability) of its queen(s). In honeybees, there is marked variation in the quality of young queens that compete in a series of lethal duels to replace a colonys previous queen. Workers interact with queens during these duels and could increase their inclusive fitness by biasing the outcomes of the duels in favor of high-quality queens. We predicted that workers will have more antagonistic interactions (chasing, grabbing, clamping) and fewer beneficent interactions (feeding, grooming) with low-quality than high-quality queens. To test this prediction, we reared queens from 0-day-old, 2-day-old, and 3-day-old worker larvae in observation colonies undergoing queen replacement, thus producing high-quality, low-quality, and very low-quality queens, respectively. Immediately after each queen emerged, we observed her for 1 h to record her interactions with the workers. Subsequent morphological measurement of the queens confirmed that initial larval age had a significant effect on queen quality. However, there was no consistent effect of queen quality on the rates of worker–queen interactions, thus falsifying our hypothesis. The mean power of our tests was high (0.599), therefore the probability of a type II error (a false negative) is low. We conclude that if workers actively select high-quality queens, then they do so prior to queen duels, during queen development. We suggest that each worker–queen interaction has a distinct adaptive significance rather than forming a suite of behavior that favors particular queens (e.g., chasing repels any queen that approaches a queen cell, thus protecting all queen cells from destruction).Communicated by M. Giurfa     

大辽河水作为低质工业用水水源的可行性初步分析

本文就大辽河水是否适合作为营口市低质工业用水（主要是冷却水和洗涤水）水源的可行性进行了初步分析．首先，对大辽河营口段的水质类别进行了分析，并讨论了对其全部或部分进行水质处理的可能性．其次，就低质工业用水的用途及使用方式、水质处理要达到的标准及工艺路线，以及投资及运转费用也做了简要的分析．最后，提出了应在大辽河营口市境内适当河段附近建立一定规模的低质工业用水净水厂的结论，并建议对处理方案、规模做进一步论证，进面进行初步设计．     

大气环境质量评价的灰色加权关联度法

本文根据各种污染因子对环境质量的不同影响，在将灰色关联度分析法应用于大气环境质量评价过程中引入了加权求取关联度的方法，获得了更为合理可靠的评价结果．     

AQI在呼和浩特市大气环境质量评价中的应用

AQI（Air Quality Index，空气质量指数）是一套目前在国际上被广泛应用的大气环境质量评价体系，本文采用这一体系对呼和浩特市的空气质量进行了评价。根据2003年的监测数据，分析了本市2003年的大气环境现状及季节变化趋势；利用1990-2003年14年间的空气中污染物年均值，分析了本市大气环境质量的年际变化趋势。其结论为：呼和浩特市空气的主要污染因子为TSP，而且空气质量虽在逐渐好转，但仍然基本处于“不健康”的状态，因此，需要政府继续采取措施进一步改善。     

重庆降水研究的质量控制和质量保证

本文介绍重庆地区酸雨研究的质量控制程序。合理布点、采样,样品预处理和存贮条件的研究,严格的分析测试和质控检验,是获得可比可信分析质量的保证。     

城市空气质量数值预报方法研究

城市空气质量数值预报,在时空分辨率和预报客观性方面具有明显优势,是未来城市空气质量预报的主要发展方向。以济南市为例,探索建立了一套较为成熟的城市空气质量数值预报方法。该方法采用高分辨率对流层化学模式系统为预报模式基础,同时根据济南市特点对模式系统进行修正,取得了较好的预报效果。此外,该模式系统由于能够较为准确地模拟城市范围内污染物的时空分布,在城市空气污染防治规划方面具有较为广泛的应用前景。     

Large inter annual variation in air quality during the annual festival ‘Diwali' in an Indian megacity

A network of air quality and weather monitoring stations was established under the System of Air Quality Forecasting and Research(SAFAR) project in Delhi. We report observations of ozone(O_3), nitrogen oxides(NO_x), carbon monoxide(CO) and particulate matter(PM_2.5and PM_(10)) before, during and after the Diwali in two consecutive years, i.e., November 2010 and October 2011. The Diwali days are characterised by large firework displays throughout India. The observations show that the background concentrations of particulate matter are between 5 and 10 times the permissible limits in Europe and the United States. During the Diwali-2010, the highest observed PM_(10) and PM_2.5mass concentration is as high as2070 μg/m~3 and 1620 μg/m3, respectively(24 hr mean), which was about 20 and 27 times to National Ambient Air Quality Standards(NAAQS). For Diwali-2011, the increase in PM_(10) and PM_2.5mass concentrations was much less with their peaks of 600 and of 390 μg/m~3 respectively, as compared to the background concentrations. Contrary to previous reports,firework display was not found to strongly influence the NO_x, and O_3 mixing ratios, with the increase within the observed variability in the background. CO mixing ratios showed an increase. We show that the large difference in 2010 and 2011 pollutant concentrations is controlled by weather parameters.