The use of terrestrial ecoregions as a regional-scale screen for selecting representative reference sites for water quality monitoring

A process has been developed to select watersheds that are representative of terrestrial ecoregions and that are relatively undisturbed by human activity. Using an existing land classification system at two hierarchical levels of resolution, representative subsets (ecodistricts) of large-scale ecoregions were selected, on the basis of their physiographic, biological, and climatological attributes, to represent the ecoregions. This was achieved using a frequency distribution analysis of existing attribute data and choosing the ecodistrict most closely resembling the most common set of conditions for that ecoregion. Within each ecodistrict, river basins were selected through a best-judgement evaluation of land use, coupled with an assessment of the size and location of each river basin, in order to meet the condition of minimal human impact. Preliminary assessment of water quality data collected from six watersheds selected in this way suggests that the process is effective in targeting regional scale river basins exhibiting the desired characteristics.     

Referee analyses: A better approach than data validation

Data validation, as prescribed in guidance documents provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), yields legal evidence that an analytical laboratory has performed analyses according to predetermined specifications. This validation process, because it involves only the checking of procedural documentation, provides minimal information concerning the technical validity of the data. Unfortunately, in the minds of many, the performance of such a data validation has become synonymous with technical validity. A better approach is to implement a routine program of referee analyses. That is, submit a predetermined number of samples from the project to a second laboratory. A routine program of this type provides a self-checking and self-correcting mechanism for determining whether data are technically valid. Publication No. 3874, Environmental Sciences Division, ORNL. Managed by Martin-Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-840R21400.     

试论我院师资队伍建设

从学院师资队伍建设的现状,看到与学院实现"跨跃式"发展目标的差距。针对学院总 体发展目标,提出师资队伍建设规划目标和全面提高师资队伍素质的对策。     

An integrated environmental matrix for a social unit

An integrated network is conceived that qualitatively relates environmental actors and environmental systems within a social unit such as a town, an industrial district or the like. The resulting matrix shows the flow of decisions and information between its active vector representing the environmental objectives, and its passive vector representing the environmental achievements. By way of three additional vectors, the properties of environmental systems are determined and compared to the expectations created by provisions of the environmental actors. The result is a set of residuals that define the living comfort in the social unit. The network motivates interested parties such as administrations, schools or individuals to go through the exercise of finding the causes of the residuals. In order to eliminate them, definite responsibilities have to be assigned to community members. The study pretends to involve all citizens in the flow of information, facts and decisions, and to help them identify themselves in the matrix. It is anticipated that as a result of this educational exercise, individual and collective responsibilities become apparent and are accepted and practiced.     

Community and individual reaction to environmental hazards: Developing a measurement technology

This study was an attempt to develop an efficient method of monitoring and assessing how members of a community react to a toxic hazard in their community. The intent was to develop a short instrument which could be applied in multiple settings, or in the same setting several times. The methodology was a short questionnaire that addressed six issues: sources of information about the hazard, beliefs about justice and responsibility, beliefs about why the hazard is a problem, extent of active concern, involvement in community affairs, and satisfaction with life. A mailed questionnaire was developed and tested in a community near an EPA Superfund site in the United States. Results of the effort are discussed relative to the particular community studied, and relative to furthering the assessment technology begun in this research.     

锅炉烟尘、烟气监测质量控制探讨

针对锅炉烟尘、烟气监测质量控制问题,结合实际情况进行分析。     

烟尘监测中应注意滤筒的质量控制

在烟尘监测中,采用玻璃纤维滤筒收集烟尘,实验室进行滤筒称量时,受实验室环境湿度、冷却时间、烘干时间等因素的影响,对监测结果有显著的影响,且呈现正误差。引入标准空白滤筒的恒重控制分析称量过程,可以消除这些因素引起的误差,提高烟尘监测分析质量。     

环境自动监测系统网络化改造与质量控制技术监督方案探讨

随着网络技术的发展与普及,对现有系统进行网络化改造的技术条件已经成熟。利用VPN实现所有站点的远程联网,采用统一的数据通讯标准,可提高数据通讯和远程监控能力,从而有效地解决质控问题。文章介绍了一些国内领先的解决方案和成型产品供参考。     

苏州市水环境质量调查

简述了1990年—2000年苏州市区水系的变化及京杭运河苏州段沿岸主要工业污染源的变化，对苏州市区水环境质量的变化进行了分析。指出，苏州市区水环境质量的变化主要受水系的改变和污染源防治的共同影响。提出，除继续加强对工业污染源的防治外，还需对水系范围内的生活、农业等方面产生的污染进行防治；在规划水利建设工程时，应将水环境质量的改善与生态建设全面地比较与评价，按其结果再实施工程建设；已建成的环太湖闸在不影响其主要功能的情况下，应保持开启，让优质的太湖水补给运河，从根本上改善苏州市区水环境质量。     

发展我国环保产业的措施

从增加资金投入、推进技术创新等方面提出了加快发展我国环保产业的建议和措施。