沈阳市城市环境空气质量演替和PM_(2.5)的污染与达标措施探讨

沈阳市"九五"至"十一五"期间环境空气中的主要污染物为SO2、TSP、NO2,"十二五"以来,空气中PM2.5的污染凸显,形成以PM2.5为主要污染物的雾霾天气。通过科学规划、优化能源和产业结构及布局,实施燃煤和交通及扬尘污染综合整治,强化重污染行业控制及污染治理,推行区域大气污染联防联控,科学规划城市空间布局,开展科学技术及政策法规研究,加强环境空气质量监控与预报,强化公众参与等综合措施可以控制PM2.5的污染。     

太湖流域无锡市水质自动监测系统质控体系研究

为了加强太湖流域无锡水质自动监测系统的管理,确保水站长期稳定运行,及时准确的发布水质自动监测数据,发挥水站的实时监控和预警监视作用,对水站管理办法、质控体系等进行研究,确保自动监测数据的准确性、精密性、代表性、完整性和可比性。     

土壤监测的全程序质量保证和质量控制

土壤监测的全程序质量保证和质量控制是确保获取具有代表性、准确性、精密性、可比性和完整性的监测数据的重要保证。土壤监测全程序质量控制包括机构、人员、设备、监测方案、点位布设、样品采集、保存、制备、实验室分析质量控制、数据审核等所有环节。     

环境监测质量管理与可持续发展的建议与对策

环境监测的主要工作方向即社会环境服务,进行环境监测的主要目的就是提高环境质量,从而提高人民的生活质量。但在实际工作中,环境监测质量管理还在存在一定问题,因此要遵循以人为本的原则,及时更新监测设备与技术,进一步完善管理制度,创新质量管理体系,实现环境监测质量管理的可持续发展。本文就针对该问题展开讨论。     

关于我国环境质量标准及其应用的有关问题探讨

重点从我国环境标准的环境质量标准与环境质量基准、环境质量标准和污染物排放标准的关系两个方面进行初步探讨,对当前我国缺少环境质量基准标准,不能满足环境管理要求的状况进行了分析。同时,对环境标准自身建设及其实施应用提出相应的建议和对策。     

污染源监测中样品采集质量控制方法

现场监测及核查的重要环节包括采样点位、采样断面、现场工况等方面。针对这些环节,尤其是废气现场工况核查部分提出质量监控方法,并以现场推算复核的方式有效解决监测现场中经常出现的问题。     

IAEA programme on the quality of marine radioactivity data

Society's growing interest in environmental issues requires the production of reliable information for policy-makers, stakeholders and society in general. This information must be based on accurate data produced by qualified laboratories and data need to be comparable between numerous laboratories for joint assessments, e.g. in International Conventions. The Marine Environment Laboratories of the International Atomic Energy Agency has been providing Quality Assurance services to laboratories involved in marine radioactivity studies for the past 30 years. This has included training, organization of laboratory intercomparison exercises, production of Reference Materials (RMs) and more recently, production of Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) that comply with relevant ISO standards. Here, the overall process of Certification of Reference Materials is reviewed, past work summarized and future needs of marine radioactivity laboratories briefly discussed.     

Assessment of Quality for Middle Level and High School Student‐Generated Water Quality Data

Student scientists have analyzed groundwater used for drinking water in rural areas to understand groundwater quality. This was part of a greater effort to understand risks to drinking water. The data produced by middle level and high school students have not been accepted by experts because of concerns about method and student accuracy. We assessed the inherent errors associated with method accuracy, student precision, and sample variability to establish bounds for attainable trueness in water analyses. Analytical test kits and probes were evaluated for the determination of pH, conductivity, chloride, hardness, iron, total soluble metals, and nitrate. In terms of precision, all methods met or exceeded design specifications. Method trueness was variable and in general ranged from good to poor depending on method. A gage reproducibility and repeatability analysis of instrumental methods (pH and conductivity) partitioned the variances into student error (12‐46%), instrumental error (8‐21%), and random error (45‐68%). Overall, student‐generated data met some of the quality objectives consistent with the method limitations. Some methods exhibited a systematic bias and data adjustment may be necessary. Given good management of the student analyst process, it is possible to make precise and accurate measurements consistent with the methods specifications.     

梁子湖流域水环境功能区划及水质现状分析

“水是生命之源,生产之本。”近几十年来,由于人类活动对自然界的影响越来越大,水环境的污染问题也越来越突出,其造成的危害和影响越来越受到人们的关注。水资源总量是有限的,因此合理的规划开发利用水资源显得尤为重要。本文针对梁子湖流域存在的水环境水质恶化的问题,依据其水环境功能区划,通过对水质现状的监测,利用透明度、DO、BOD、COD、NH3-N、TP六个指标作为梁子湖水质研究的主要水质指标,并对监测结果进行分析,依据其检测结果进行流域控制单元的划分,同时加强水质管理,从而达到优化梁子湖流域水环境区划功能的目的,并对做好水资源保护工作有着重要的现实指导意义。     

探讨环境监测现场采样的质量控制措施

环境监测是一项非常注重专业技术的工作,在环境监测的实际开展中,采样工作是非常重要的一个环节,现场采样要使用非常专业的技术,才能保证环境监测的质量及效率,才能使环境监测的结果足够精准。现场采样中很多问题会对环境监测质量造成影响,本文就对这些因素展开分析,并对现场采样提出一些控制措施,希望对环境监测的未来发展有促进作用。