一株白腐菌产生的漆酶对RB亮蓝的脱色作用

W 1是一株能在液体条件下产漆酶的白腐菌 ,纯化的漆酶对RB亮蓝有很好的脱色作用 .漆酶的最适脱色温度为 4 5℃ ,最适脱色pH值为 6 .0 ,脱色pH范围在 4～ 7之间 .当溶液中漆酶活力为 2 .0× 10 3 U/L时 ,在最适脱色条件下、16h内 ,RB亮蓝 (30 0mg/L)的脱色率可以达到 90 % .经酶作用后 ,RB亮蓝在 4 30～ 70 0nm范围内的特征颜色吸收峰基本消失 .实验证明 ,在相同的条件下 ,漆酶粗酶对RB亮蓝有更好的脱色效果 .图 7表 1参 6     

中药博落回生物碱提取新工艺研究

通过实验研究,探索博落回中总生物碱的提取新工艺,精制工艺,脱脂工艺,脱毒工艺及用HPLC法测定博落回中血根碱和白屈菜红碱含量.     

The OECD Validation Program of the H295R Steroidogenesis Assay for the Identification of In Vitro Inhibitors and Inducers of Testosterone and Estradiol Production. Phase 2: Inter-Laboratory Pre-Validation Studies (8 pp)

Background, Goals and Scope In response to concerns that have been raised about chemical substances that may alter the function of endocrine systems and result in adverse effects on human health, an OECD initiative was undertaken to develop and validate in vitro and in vivo assays to identify chemicals that may interfere with endocrine systems of vertebrates. Here we report on studies that were conducted to develop and standardize a cell-based screening assay using the H295R cell line to prioritize chemicals that may act on steroidogenic processes in humans and wildlife. These studies are currently ongoing as part of the ‘Special Activity on the Testing and Assessment of Endocrine Disruptors’ within the OECD Test Guidelines Program to review, develop, standardize, and validate a number of in vitro and in vivo toxicological assays for testing and assessment of chemicals concerning their potential to interact with the endocrine system of vertebrates. Study Design Six laboratories from five countries participated in the pre-validation studies. Each laboratory tested the effects of three model chemicals on the production of testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) using the H295R Steroidogenesis Assay. Chemicals tested were well described inducers or inhibitors of steroidogenic pathways (forskolin, prochloraz and fadrozole). All experiments were conducted in 24 well plates following standard protocols. Six different doses per compound were analyzed in triplicate per plate. A quality control (QC) plate was run in conjunction with the chemical exposure plate to account for inter-assay variation. Each chemical exposure was conducted two or three times. Results All laboratories successfully detected increases and/or decreases in hormone production by H295R cells after exposure to the different model compounds and there was good agreement in the pattern of response for all groups. Forskolin increased both T and E2 while fadrozole and prochloraz decreased production of both hormones. All chemicals affected hormone production in a dose-dependent manner with the exception of fadrozole which caused maximum inhibition of E2 at the two least concentrations tested. Some inter-laboratory differences were noted in the alteration of hormone production measured in chemically exposed cells. However, with the exception of the production of T measured at one laboratory in cells exposed to forskolin, the EC₅₀s calculated were comparable (coefficients of variation 34–49%) for all hormones. Discussion and Perspectives The results indicated that the H295R Steroidogenesis Assay protocol was robust, transferable and reproducible among all laboratories. However, in several instances that were primarily related to one laboratory there were unexplained minor uncertainties related to the inter-laboratory hormone production variation. Based on the findings from this Phase 2 prevalidation study, the H295R Steroidogenesis Assay protocol is currently being refined. The next phase of the OECD validation program will test the refined protocol among the same group of laboratories using an extended set of chemicals (∼30) that will include positive and negative chemical controls as well as a broad spectrum of different potential inducers and inhibitors of steroidogenic pathways. Submission Editor: Dr. Carsten Brühl (bruehl@uni-landau.de)     

施工现场固体废弃物产生量估算

以新建建筑产生的固体废弃物为研究对象，将改进的材料跟踪法、基于R语言的算法和数据挖掘技术相结合，合理规避了传统方法中数据提取粗糙与数据获取主观性强的问题.同时，通过现场调研获取全国不同区域新建居住建筑的基础数据，进行实证分析.结果表明，施工现场废弃混凝土、废弃钢筋、废弃砌块产生率的典型值分别为3.28%，2.88%，3.33%，代表区间分别为（0.6144%，5.9456%），（0.622%，5.138%），（0.6103%，6.02%）.与已有数据对比发现，我国新建建筑中固体废弃物产生率高于定额损耗率，固废管理水平存在区域性差异，呈"沿海高、内地低"的态势，且整体减量化水平亟待提高.     

医院污水处理中ClO_2检测方法的改进研究

本研究用R5法制取ClO2 对医院污水进行消毒处理 ,针对碘量法测定剩余ClO2 时的不足 ,通过控制溶液pH值、加入稳定剂、活化剂和掩蔽剂的方法对其进行改进 ,实现了将溶液中ClO2 、Cl2 、ClO- 2 、ClO- 3区分测定的目的。实验表明 ,改进后的检测方法能够真实准确地反映溶液中剩余的ClO2 。     

A novel multistage anoxic/aerobic process with sludge regeneration zone (R-MAO) for advanced nitrogen removal from domestic sewage

To achieve advanced nitrogen removal from actual municipal sewage, a novel multistage anoxic/aerobic process with sludge regeneration zone (R-MAO) was developed. The reactor was used to treat actual domestic sewage and the nitrogen removal capacity of the sludge regeneration zone (R zone) was investigated during the long-term operation. The best performance was obtained at the R zone's Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) of -50±30 mV and hydraulic residence times (HRT) of 1.2 hr. The average effluent COD, TN, NH₄⁺-N and NO₃⁻-N of the R-MAO process were 18.0±2.3, 7.5±0.6, 1.0±0.5 and 4.6±0.4 mg/L, respectively, with the corresponding removal efficiency of COD, TN and NH₄⁺-N were 92.9%±1.0%, 84.1%±1.5% and 97.5%±1.1%. Compared to the sole MAO system, the TN removal efficiency of the R-MAO increased by 10.1%. Besides, under the optimal conditions, the contribution of the R zone in the R-MAO that removal COD, TN, NH₄⁺-N and NO₃⁻-N were 0.36, 0.15, 0.032 and 0.82 g/day. High-throughput sequencing results showed that uncultured_bacterium_f_Burkholderiaceae (5.20%), OLB8 (1.04%) and Ottowia (1.03%) played an important role in denitrification in the R zone. This study provided effective guidance for the design and operation of the R-MAO process in domestic sewage treatment.     

一种基于Stella和R语言的湿地氮素动力学模型

通过Stella软件的可视化建模环境,快速开发构建了一种适用于表流型人工湿地的氮素循环动力学模型,并将模型翻译成R语言,可实现编程计算、数据分析及空间分析等多种算法和功能与动力学模型的集成,能大大提高模型的分析和预测能力,加强模型的实用性和应用能力.以大沙河人工湿地氨氮污染负荷最大削减能力为例,本文基于此模型,集成R语言强大的编程和计算能力,建立了进水水质与水量的调度函数关系,并确定了人工湿地最优进水水量、水质和污染负荷最大削减能力.     

MIEX树脂去除水源UV254研究

MIEX树脂可以有效去除水源中的UV254,UV254去除率与树脂的投加量和水源水质有关,新树脂的投加量大于10ml／L时,UV254的去除率为56％-83％。树脂在连续运行103次的过程中,仍然没有明显的UV254饱和穿透现象,树脂投加量5ml／L（20600BV）,UV254去除率为45％～25％;树脂投加量15ml／L（6768BV）,UV254的去除率为62％～40％。该树脂单位单次的最大UV254吸附量约为0．003cm^-1（UV254）／ml（树脂）·次。     

大气CO2浓度升高和氮肥施用对三江平原湿地小叶章生物量及根冠比的影响

利用开顶箱薰气室（open—top chamber）试验装置,研究了不施氮（NN）、施常氮（MN,5g·m^2）和施高氮（HN,15g·m^2）3个氮素水平下大气CO2浓度升高对小叶章（Calamagrostis angustifolia）生物量和根冠比的影响。结果表明,大气CO2浓度升高对小叶章生物量的影响因生长期而异。大气CO2浓度升高对小叶章地上生物量的促进作用主要表现在生长前期,拔节期和抽穗期地上生物量较正常大气CO2浓度增加12．42％～22．60％,而腊熟期和成熟期仅增加3．11％～12．97％;大气CO2浓度升高对小叶章地下生物量的促进作用在生长后期表现明显,除拔节期外,小叶章地下生物量增加17．63％～42．20％。小叶章生物量和根冠比对大气CO2浓度的响应与供N水平有关。在HN水平下,大气CO2浓度升高使小叶章生物量和根冠比明显增加,在NN条件下促进作用则不显著。小叶章根冠比明显增加主要是地下生物量显著增长引起的。     

环境经济效率的R型因子分析

定量分析和评价各省区环境经济效率的状况,深刻认识环境质量和经济效率的关系,为区域经济可持续发展决策服务是主要解决的问题。并定义了环境经济效率的定义和评价指标体系,应用R型因子分析模型和SPSS软件,结合国家1999年的统计数据,进行了实证分析。结果表明,旋转的因子得分方法在指标聚类方面有优势,旋转的因子得分矩阵和权重阵的积决定的排序结果客观性较好。