环境经济效率的R型因子分析

定量分析和评价各省区环境经济效率的状况,深刻认识环境质量和经济效率的关系,为区域经济可持续发展决策服务是主要解决的问题。并定义了环境经济效率的定义和评价指标体系,应用R型因子分析模型和SPSS软件,结合国家1999年的统计数据,进行了实证分析。结果表明,旋转的因子得分方法在指标聚类方面有优势,旋转的因子得分矩阵和权重阵的积决定的排序结果客观性较好。     

Regional economic conditions and crash fatality rates--a cross-county analysis

INTRODUCTION: Most studies that evaluate the relationship between economic conditions and traffic fatalities focus on the time-series relationship between the two factors. This analysis considers the cross-sectional perspective by estimating the cross-county correlation between per capita income and fatalities per vehicle mile traveled (VMT) in Ohio. METHOD: The empirical model employed in this analysis allows for interaction effects between per capita income and highway usage, in the determination of fatality rates. RESULTS: The resultant least squares estimates indicate that a significant interaction effect exists between per capita income and the percentage of highway VMT, indicating a nonlinear correlation between per capita income and fatality rates. This correlation rises as the proportion of VMT on highways rises, such that there is an inverse relationship with fatality rates when the highway share of county VMT is low and a direct relationship with fatality rates when the highway share of county VMT is high. Additionally, population density, the presence of interstate highways in rural counties, the prior prevalence of severe alcohol abuse, and the proportion of teen drivers all proved to be significant correlates with county fatality rates. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest factors that state and federal policy makers should consider when allocating resources that impact (whether directly or indirectly) traffic fatalities.     

Correlation relationships of molar refraction and ten topological indices for 47 organotin compounds

Correlation relationships of 10 topological indices and molar refraction for 47 structurally-complicated organotins which included 16 ionic compounds R_mSnX_4-m and 31 covalent ones R₄Sn that is 41 aliphatic compounds(15 unsaturated and 26 saturated)and 6 aromatic ones were studied.Suitability of these ten topological parameters for describing the structure of elemental organic compounds was then evaluated according to the correlation results.Two lately improved molecular connectivity indices(MCIs)-radius-corrected MCI ¹X^r and bond-length-corrected MCI ¹X^b were applied and proved to be most suitable for the structure expression in QSA(P)R studies of organotins or other elemental organic compounds.     

论我国《海域使用管理法》的修订

《海域使用管理法》对中国海洋法制建设具有重要意义。该法施行以来,我国海域使用管理配套法规体系日趋完善,海洋功能区划、海域有偿使用等制度日臻成熟。《海域使用管理法》实施已逾15年,我国经济社会生活发生了巨大变化,中国特色社会主义法律体系不断完善,该法暴露出来的问题日益增多,亟待修订:首先,立法理念应由"重发展,轻保护"向"海域资源和海洋环境保护优先"变革。其次,应完善海域使用权制度,突出海域使用权的物权性,强化该法的私权色彩,将海域使用权的成立时间修改为"完成登记之日"。在围填海管理方面,应理顺围填海建设项目的审批程序,提高行政效率;建立填海造地指标管理制度。最后,在法律责任方面,应明确"恢复原状"的适用条件;修改罚款的计算方法,对于具有持续性的严重海域违法行为可以引入"按日处罚"制度;增加刑事责任条款;赋予海洋行政执法机构必要的行政强制手段。     

碳酸盐与磷酸盐对Biohydrogenbacterium R3sp.nov.产氢发酵效能的影响

采用NH4HCO3、NaHCO3、Na2CO3、K2HPO4、KH2HPO4、NaH2PO4和Na2HPO4作为碳酸盐和磷酸盐缓冲溶液源,研究其对Biohydrogenbacterium R3 sp.nov.产氢发酵效能的影响.研究发现,碳酸盐对Biohydrogenbacterium R3 sp.nov.反应体系中的pH值都具有较好的缓冲作用,而磷酸盐的添加对其产氢效能的促进作用较明显.反应器内添加了Na2HPO4与K2HPO4的Biohydrogenbacterium R3 sp.nov.的氢气产量与氢气含量达到最高值,分别为1978.56 mL、44.1％与2160.9 mL、45.8％,此时反应器内的pH值分别为3.28和3.41,细胞浓度分别为1.03 g·L-1和1.21 g·L-1,添加了Na2HPO4的Biohydrogenbacterium R3 sp.nov.的乙醇和乙酸产量分别为4841.49 mg·L-1和2064.94 mg·L-1;而添加了Na2CO3的氢气产量、氢气含量、细胞浓度与反应器内pH值分别为1064.42 mL、35.96％、1.23 g·L-1与3.81,此时乙醇、乙酸的产量分别为3862.21 mg·L-1和1930.86 mg·L-1.     

菲律宾蛤仔形态性状及与遗传变异的关系研究

研究了中国沿岸６个群体（上海、青岛、烟台、兴城、大连、丹东）菲律宾蛤仔的形态性状之间的关系，以及与遗传变异参数杂合度间的相互关系（除上海群体）。结果表明不同的地理群体，其相互关系各不相同。每个群体的壳重与总重的相系数均最大。丹东群体的壳重与杂合度相关系数最大为０．４６２８，大连群体的壳厚与杂合度相关系数最小 为－０．００１７。     

Resilience-based approach to safety barrier performance assessment in process facilities

The performance assessment of safety barriers is essential to find vulnerable elements in a safety barrier system. Traditional performance assessment approaches mainly focus on using several static indicators for quantifying the performance of safety barriers. However, with the increasing complexity of the system, emerging hazards are highly uncertain, making it challenging for the static indicators to assess the performance of safety barriers. This paper proposes a resilience−based performance assessment method for safety barriers to overcome this problem. Safety barriers are classified according to their functions first. The dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) is then introduced to calculate the availability function under normal and disruption conditions. The ratio of the system's availability, when affected by the disruption, to the initial availability, is used to determine the absorption capacity of the system. The ratio of the quantity of availability recovery to the total quantity of system represents the adaptation and restoration capacity of the system. The system's resilience is represented by the sum of absorption, adaptation, and restoration capacities. The wax oil hydrogenation process is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology.     

一株高效广谱染料脱色菌脱色条件的优化

以模拟酸性大红3R染料废水为对象,在单因素实验基础上,选取温度、初始染料浓度、酵母粉浓度三因素为影响因子,以染料脱色率为响应值,利用Box-Behnken设计及响应面分析法研究了各因素对一株广谱型染料脱色菌株Enterobacter cloacae strain M3脱色效果的影响及各因素间交互作用,建立了二次多项式回归方程的预测模型,确定了菌株脱色酸性大红3R废水的优化条件。结果表明：回归方程极显著,拟合性好。最优脱色条件为温度36℃,染料浓度121.12 mg/L,酵母粉浓度1.99%,在此条件下,染料脱色率可达99.21%。经实验验证,实际值与模型预测值拟合良好,偏差仅为0.79%。     

酸性红R在UV-蒙脱土KSF-H_2O_2体系中光降解行为研究

以紫外杀菌灯(波长为254nm)为光源,研究了酸性红R在由蒙脱土KSF和H2O2组成的类Fenton体系中的光降解行为,研究了反应体系pH、H2O2浓度对偶氮染料酸性红R光催化降解的影响,分析了酸性红R的光降解动力学规律。结果表明:对于100mg/L的酸性红R,在pH为3.0、66mg/L的H2O2和质量浓度为1g/L的蒙脱土条件下,在UV/类Fenton体系可以获得较高的反应速率,经50min的光照,酸性红R的光降解率为87.2%;而在类Fenton体系中的光降解率只有56%左右,可见UV对类Fenton体系有明显的协同作用;酸性红R的光降解动力学规律符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程,反应速率常数为1.82mg/(L·min)。     

走出国门：可回收利用废塑料进口企业的最佳选择

近年来,我国的可回收利用废塑料进口企业面临困境,国际贸易企业进口困难,致使使用厂缺乏原料.论述了废塑料回收加工企业前往国外产地办厂的必要性和可行性,分析了我国业内企业走出国门的优势,并对废塑料的收集和加工品种、成本核算、采购目标等方面提出建议.