Effects of dietary copper exposure on accumulation,growth, and hematological parameters in Cyprinus carpio

The influence of dietary copper (Cu) exposure on accumulation, growth, and hematological parameters was investigated in Cyprinus carpio after sub-chronic ingestion of 0, 250, 500, 750 or 1000?mg?kg^?1 for 60 days. The profile of Cu accumulation among tissues in C. carpio was dependent on the exposure period and Cu concentration. Liver of C. carpio was the predominant storage tissue and the order of Cu accumulation in tissues was liver?>?intestine?> gill?>?kidney?>?muscle. Cu concentration at >125?mg?kg^?1 reduced growth rate, and was inversely related to growth. The RNA?:?DNA ratios were not affected by exposure and there was no correlation between growth rate and RNA?:?DNA ratio in liver and muscle. There were no significant effects of exposure on blood parameters except for magnesium. Cu exposure time and dose increased the serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) activity levels.     

绿僵菌钙传感蛋白基因克隆及其与致病性的关系

通过筛选文库获得绿僵菌钙传感蛋白基因MaNcs1基因全长cDNA序列,并对其在致病过程中的作用进行了分析.结果显示,MaNcs1基因cDNA全长792 bp,开放阅读框为573 bp,编码190个氨基酸;采用RNA干扰技术下调该基因的表达后,对东亚飞蝗的生测实验表明,绿僵菌毒力显著下降,说明该基因与绿僵菌的致病性有关,为以后深入研究该基因的致病机制奠定了基础.     

河口盐度梯度下溶解态核酸的微生物可利用性

核酸物质(DNA和RNA)作为自然水体中重要的溶解有机质组分之一,是水生微生物食物网的重要物质基础,因此核酸的微生物可利用性具有重要研究意义.2012年春季从长江口不同盐度区域采集水样,并分别添加鱼类DNA和酵母RNA进行培养,考察了其微生物可利用性.结果表明,在溶解态核酸添加至不同盐度的培养体系时,添加的DNA大约有20%～50%从溶解态快速转变至颗粒态,转化率随盐度增加而增加,而添加的RNA仅有约10%从溶解态转变至颗粒态,受盐度影响不大.在各培养体系中,溶解态核酸的微生物利用动力学曲线均符合Sigmoid方程,先有30～80 h不等的延滞期,而后进入快速利用期,最后为停止期,其中海水微生物对核酸的最大利用速率比河口/淡水微生物更快.当溶解态核酸进入河口水体后,分为微生物可利用的(自由溶解态/酶可水解的)、胶体结合态和颗粒态,其中RNA中微生物可利用形态百分比(80%～90%)显著高于DNA,且随盐度变化不大,而DNA中微生物可利用形态百分比随盐度升高而从78%逐渐降低至50%.因此,河口盐度梯度下的DNA和RNA赋存形态分布特征和微生物可利用性具有显著差异.     

土壤RNA提取方法研究进展

总RNA提取是进行实时荧光定量PCR、Northern杂交分析及cDNA文库建立等分子生物学实验研究的基础.提取出高质量高产量的土壤RNA已成为研究土壤微生物的关键步骤.综述了常用的几种土壤RNA提取方法,包括强变性剂法、Trizol法、CTAB法、SDS-Phenol法、酶解法以及试剂盒等方法.提取过程中化学试剂的选择及配比需依据不同的土壤类型,其中Trizol法在提取总RNA时应用广泛,再结合适当的物理破碎及生物学方法,可得到理想的RNA.试剂盒法提取土壤RNA方便快捷,纯度高但产量低,且对土壤具有选择性.最后提出了土壤RNA提取过程常见的一些问题和注意事项,为土壤RNA提取方法的选择提供依据.     

Effects of coconut product–caffeine interactions on liver cells in Wistar albino rats

The effects of interactions between coconut products and caffeine on the induction of drug-metabolizing enzyme in Wistar albino rats were studied. Twenty rats were randomly divided into four groups: (Group 1) control received via oral route a placebo (4 mL distilled water). Groups 2–4 were treated for a 14-day period, respectively, with 50 mg caffeine/kg body weight (BW), 50 mg caffeine/kg plus 50 mg coconut water/kg, or 50 mg caffeine/kg plus 50 mg coconut milk/kg in a 4 mL volume via gastric intubation. One day after the after the final exposure, the animals were euthanized by inhalation of an overdose of chloroform. The blood of each rat was collected by cardiac puncture, and the liver of each was harvested and processed to examine several biochemical parameters, including total protein and RNA levels, protein/RNA ratios, and the activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST, respectively). Results showed that while ingestion of coconut milk and coconut water increased the values of protein and protein/RNA ratios, there was a decrease in ALT and AST activities. These effects were opposite to those produced by caffeine alone and may prevent the adverse effects attributed to caffeine.     

Effect of anti-juvenile hormone agent,KK-42 on the incorporation rate of radioactive glycine and biosynthesis of silk proteins of silkworm,Bombyx mori L.

The effects of anti-juvenile hormone agent, KK-42 on incorporation rate of radioactive glycine in cocoon crop production and biosynthesis of silk proteins of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. were studied in a popular bivoltine silkworm hybrid, Xinhang (Chinese) × Keming (Japanese). Administration of KK-42 on first day larvae of fourth instar induced 100% trimolters, and the total larval duration was shortened by four days, which has marked advantages in sericulture. The impact of KK-42 on enhanced incorporation rate of radioactive glycine, cocoon weight, RNA content, and fibroin content was significant compared to control, which leads to superior quality of silk. This has a significant economic importance in the reeling industry.     

从味精生产废液中回收核糖核酸的研究

本文介绍了采用不同方法处理味精生产废液的菌体,分离RNA。研究结果表明:用8％的食盐溶液,在90℃下搅拌提取3h,然后等电点沉淀分离RNA,收得率较佳。     

Transient expression of protein tyrosine phosphatases encoded in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cotesia plutellae</Emphasis> bracovirus inhibits insect cellular immune responses

Several immunosuppressive factors are associated with parasitism of an endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae, on the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. C. plutellae bracovirus (CpBV) encodes a large number of putative protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), which may play a role in inhibiting host cellular immunity. To address this inhibitory hypothesis of CpBV-PTPs, we performed transient expression of individual CpBV-PTPs in hemocytes of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, and analyzed their cellular immune responses. Two different forms of CpBV-PTPs were chosen and cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector under the control of the p10 promoter of baculovirus: one with the normal cysteine active site (CpBV-PTP1) and the other with a mutated active site (CpBV-PTP5). The hemocytes transfected with CpBV-PTP1 significantly increased in PTP activity compared to control hemocytes, but those with CpBV-PTP5 exhibited a significant decrease in the PTP activity. All transfected hemocytes exhibited a significant reduction in both cell spreading and encapsulation activities compared to control hemocytes. Co-transfection of CpBV-PTP1 together with its double-stranded RNA reduced the messenger RNA (mRNA) level of CpBV-PTP1 and resulted in recovery of both hemocyte behaviors. This is the first report demonstrating that the polydnaviral PTPs can manipulate PTP activity of the hemocytes to interrupt cellular immune responses.