The effect of positive work reflection during leisure time on affective well‐being: Results from three diary studies

Previous research showed that psychological detachment from work during leisure time is beneficial and that reflecting on negative aspects of work is detrimental for employees' well‐being. However, little is known about the role of positive reflection about work during leisure time. In the present research, we examined the effects of positive work reflection on affective well‐being. Additionally, we tested the effectiveness of an intervention to increase positive work reflection and to improve well‐being with a randomized controlled field experiment. Findings from three diary studies showed that positive work reflection was related to an increase in affective well‐being with regard to both positive and negative moods. The results further indicated that the benefits of positive work reflection were incremental to that of psychological detachment and the absence of negative work reflection. Contrary to our expectation, no evidence was found for the effectiveness of the intervention. Theoretical implications of main findings as well as supplementary findings are further discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

温石棉致豚鼠肺泡巨噬细胞酸性磷酸酶释放的干预效应研究

为了探讨几种化合物对温石棉致肺泡巨噬细胞（AM）酸性磷酸酶（ACP）释放的干预效应。本研究用不同浓度的柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡温石棉1小时后，再将其与豚鼠肺泡巨噬细胞共同孵育，测定了细胞培养液中酸性磷酸酶的活性。结果显示，随着石棉剂量的增加和作用时间的延长，细胞培养液中酸性磷酸酶的活性逐渐升高，呈明显的剂量依赖性和时间，效应关系。经3种化合物预处理的石棉组，细胞培养液中酸性磷酸酶的活性均明显低于未处理温石棉组。提示，用3种化合物预处理温石棉，均可减轻温石棉对豚鼠肺泡巨噬细胞的毒性作用。     

护理干预对前列腺增生症患者术前焦虑情绪的影响

探讨护理干预对前列腺增生症患者术前焦虑情绪的影响．方法将120例拟行经尿道前列腺电切术的前列腺增生症患者随机分为干预组和对照组,各60例．对照组予以常规护理,干预组在此基础上给予护理干预,采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）测量两组患者入院后（干预前）及手术前（干预后）焦虑值．结果干预组手术前SAS评分较入院后明显降低（P〈0．05）,且明显低于同期对照组（P〈0．05）．结论护理干预在缓解前列腺增生症患者术前焦虑,积极调整心理状态方面优于一般心理护理．表1,参5．     

Seeing,believing, and behaving: Heterogeneous effects of an information intervention on household water treatment

Providing information about environmental health risks only sometimes induces protective action. This raises questions about whether and how risk information is understood and acted upon, and how responses vary across contexts. To characterize such variation, we stratified a randomized experiment related to household water quality across two periurban areas in Cambodia. When we showed specific evidence of water contamination to lower-SES households who were initially more optimistic about water safety, they altered their beliefs about health risk and increased their demand for a treatment product. However, demand for the treatment product among higher and initially more pessimistic SES households did not change significantly. These findings highlight the importance of better understanding heterogeneity in the specific drivers of responses to health risk information.     

建筑基坑施工习惯性不安全行为干预研究

事故致因"2-4模型"提出习惯性行为是引发事故的间接原因,为了提高基坑作业人员安全知识、安全意识和安全习惯,防止基坑坍塌事故对工程施工造成的人员伤亡和财产损失,以西安某地铁施工现场为调查对象,同时根据跨理论模型(TTM)的行为干预方法,设立对照组和实验组,使用SPSS软件分析对调查对象进行对比分析.研究表明:基于TTM...     

高校突发事件应急管理问题及对策研究

近年来高校突发事件频繁发生,对学校教学、工作、学习及生活秩序造成了很大影响,对高校突发事件应急管理的研究显得尤为重要与迫切。在界定高校突发事件内涵及诱因的基础上,分析高校应对突发事件的现有模式及存在观念落后、缺乏法律法规支撑、缺乏组织化和应急预案操作性不强等问题,提出要创新管理理念,加快高校法制建设、健全组织体系、完善应急预案、加强心理咨询等对策,以期为高校管理机构应对突发事件提供一定的指导作用和经验借鉴     

安全激励对具从众动机的建筑工人不安全行为的干预作用

为了研究安全激励对具有从众动机的建筑工人不安全行为的干预作用,识别建筑工人不安全行为的影响及干预因素,分别对具有从众动机的建筑工人不安全行为发生机理、安全奖励和安全惩罚的干预机理进行假定。基于调研数据,采用SPSS和AMOS工具展开模型拟合。研究结果表明:安全激励对建筑工人不安全行为有一定的干预作用;奖励对从众动机建筑工人的安全动机的端正产生0.108的正向影响、对安全能力的提升产生0.121的正向影响;惩罚对从众动机的建筑工人的安全心理健康产生0.140的正向影响、对安全知识的学习产生0.250的正向影响。基于此,提出预防具有从众动机的建筑工人不安全行为的有效措施。     

The politics of NGO registration in international protectorates: the cases of Bosnia and Iraq

Following international interventions in Bosnia-Herzegovina(1) and Iraq, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have played a central role in delivering humanitarian relief, encouraging participation in new systems of government, and advocating on behalf of marginalised groups. Although intervening agencies have framed such autonomous organisations as unquestionably virtuous, scholars have increasingly questioned the agency of NGOs, pointing to the constraining effects of funding and regulatory mechanisms. This paper contributes to this body of work by offering a detailed examination of legislation requiring NGOs to register with nascent state institutions. Drawing on case study material from Bosnia and Iraq, it argues that NGO registration should not be dismissed as a technical or legal matter, but that it should be embraced as a significant political practice embedded in relations of power. Registration legislation has increased the transparency of NGO funding origins and institutional practices, yet it has simultaneously acted as a barrier to smaller organisations and led to the transmission of international objectives through civil society entities.     

我国空间规划体系的整体演进历程解析——基于时空演进系统过程的分析框架

本文从国家视域角度对不同阶段我国空间规划的整体演进加以解析。空间规划体系演进本质上是在主导价值取向、社会经济模式、国家治理体系等整体背景环境的影响下,人（群）的需求/目标诉诸一系列有组织的空间治理工具,对地域空间系统进行综合干预的一个时空演进过程。我国空间规划体系的历程解析需要重点关注“社会经济阶段及国家战略导向—国家治理体系的整体安排与调整—地域空间特征与变化引致的治理尺度更易”所联立的三大子过程。研究发现,纵观1949年后我国空间规划体系的演变历程,规划的功能定位从单一工具向多类型的复杂工具体系发展;规划干预和空间治理的目标与任务也从开发建设导向变为开发保护兼顾,进而强调多元平衡和优化。而这一过程深受国家治理体系和战略取向的塑造,即由国家基本建设转变为以经济建设为中心,由社会经济调控向社会经济生态综合调整转变。