BOD5测定的简捷方法研究

目前国内外普遍规定20±1℃培养5天,分别测定样品培养前后的溶解氧(简称DO),二者之差即为BOD5值.对同一水样,只测出培养前的任一稀释倍数水样的DO值,通过计算便可准确得出其它稀释倍数水样的D0值.通过对不同浓度下BOD5实测值与计算值进行比较,计算出相对误差进行分析,结果都达到了水质监测实验室质量控制指标-准确度允许差.因此,这种计算方法是切实可行.     

数字化人机界面操作员目标定位眼动试验

为了验证数字化监控室操作员在监视过程中存在目标定位失误,并得到相关的目标定位失误率及反应时间,进行了眼动试验。试验设置了箭头、数字、图形及颜色4种目标信息,验证了目标定位延迟及目标定位失败两类目标定位失误的存在,并获得了被试对目标信息的首次进入时间及注视持续时间。通过对4种目标信息的目标定位眼动数据分析,发现不同的目标信息类型对目标信息区的眼动首次进入时间及注视持续时间的影响是显著的,对目标定位的总失误率影响也是显著的。通过SPSS软件分析发现,目标定位总失误率与首次进入时间及注视持续时间都存在线性相关关系。     

近距平行跑道配对进近碰撞风险评估

近距平行跑道实施配对进近可有效提高机场容量,解决机场拥挤和延误的问题。为保证航空器的安全运行,研究其水平碰撞风险,基于导航设备测量误差和速度偏差,建立配对进近前后两机的实际侧向距离和纵向距离基于速度、时间的方程,在此基础上建立近距平行跑道配对进近的碰撞风险评估模型,给出模型中相关参数的计算公式。最后通过Matlab软件对该模型进行计算,给出了随相关参数变化水平碰撞风险变化的曲线图,并验证了模型的合理性。     

Conceptual compression discussion on a multi-linear (FTA) and systematic (FRAM) method in an offshore operation’s accident modeling

Risk assessment can be classified into two broad categories: traditional and modern. This paper is aimed at contrasting the functional resonance analysis method (FRAM) as a modern approach with the fault tree analysis (FTA) as a traditional method, regarding assessing the risks of a complex system. Applied methodology by which the risk assessment is carried out, is presented in each approach. Also, FRAM network is executed with regard to nonlinear interaction of human and organizational levels to assess the safety of technological systems. The methodology is implemented for lifting structures deep offshore. The main finding of this paper is that the combined application of FTA and FRAM during risk assessment, could provide complementary perspectives and may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of an incident. Finally, it is shown that coupling a FRAM network with a suitable quantitative method will result in a plausible outcome for a predefined accident scenario.     

应用尤登实验双样图确定分光光度计分析质量研究

分光光度计是实验室常用的分析仪器,各个实验室基本都配备多台分光光度计,但各个仪器之间有一定差异,导致分析质量受到影响,尤登实验双样图是验证实验室间分析质量的方法.它需要使用两个样品同时进行分析,将所得结果绘制成图,用以评价分析质量,可以一目了然的观察出各个测定点的质量差异.因其方法简便易行,因此决定尝试应用其确定实验室仪器分光光度计的分析质量,以辨别各个分光光度计的分析优劣,从而使分析者能够从多台仪器中选出分析质量最优的仪器.     

河流污染物通量估算方法分析(Ⅱ)——时空平均离散通量误差判断

提出了一个简单的通量误差判断公式,对于采用以时空平均的一维对流量方式估算河流通量,提出了限制的条件,即排除不可靠的通量估值的方法,就河流离散通量对于通量估算的影响提供了误差判断分析方法.      

电除尘器柱脚基础安装误差控制技术的研究

阐述了研究开发除尘器柱脚基础安装误差的必要性 ,介绍了开发成果及其实际应用效果与推广价值     

差压式流量计误差产生机理分析及改进

通过对管内流体流动机理的分析 ,指出目前普遍使用的差压式流量计误差产生的原因 ,并对流量计的改进进行构思及对改进途径作了探讨。     

Population Viability Analysis with Species Occurrence Data from Museum Collections

Abstract: The most comprehensive data on many species come from scientific collections. Thus, we developed a method of population viability analysis (PVA) in which this type of occurrence data can be used. In contrast to classical PVA, our approach accounts for the inherent observation error in occurrence data and allows the estimation of the population parameters needed for viability analysis. We tested the sensitivity of the approach to spatial resolution of the data, length of the time series, sampling effort, and detection probability with simulated data and conducted PVAs for common, rare, and threatened species. We compared the results of these PVAs with results of standard method PVAs in which observation error is ignored. Our method provided realistic estimates of population growth terms and quasi‐extinction risk in cases in which the standard method without observation error could not. For low values of any of the sampling variables we tested, precision decreased, and in some cases biased estimates resulted. The results of our PVAs with the example species were consistent with information in the literature on these species. Our approach may facilitate PVA for a wide range of species of conservation concern for which demographic data are lacking but occurrence data are readily available.     

电梯检验过程中的人因失误分析与管理对策

近年来,我国电梯行业发展迅速,但电梯安全事故频发.导致电梯安全事故的原因中,人为失误占很大比重.因此,研究电梯检验过程中的人因失误及管理对策具有重要意义.应用层次分析法构建了理论模型,对可能的人因失误的关键要素进行提取并按相对重要性进行排序,确定了影响人因失误的重要因素.结合近6年南京市电梯检验人因失误的统计数据,应用灰色关联度理论对操作因子进行关联分析,并由此提出了减少电梯检验过程中人因失误的管理建议.