Self-ignition in stone wool insulation contaminated with fatty acid (fundamentals,case study,analysis methodology)

A combination of a residual film of flammable organic substance, air and porous structures like insulation material (e.g. stone wool) may result in a fire. The initiating self-heating process depends on the substance (reactivity, volatility), amount of accumulated liquid, volume and temperature. Specific information is given for application and extension of the Thomas criterion with a 2nd order reaction. The experimental part includes new experimental techniques to determine heat transfer and formal reaction kinetic data. The applied self-ignition temperature (SIT) simulation model relies on liquid film volume and not on liquid film surface reaction. As a further result of the studies detailed working procedure of three simplified methodologies for estimation of SITs in technical scale are presented. New techniques to determine parameters necessary for SIT prediction, especially in combination with Methodology III, have the power to reduce the costs for estimating the SIT up to 80%.     

燃烧过程氮氧化物系统中反应和传递模型研究进展

氮氧化物是空气中主要污染物之一,随着计算燃烧学迅速发展,氮氧化物(NOx)生成反应和传递过程的模拟在燃烧反应器设计工作中所起的作用越来越重要,如何建立合理而经济的预测模型,是其中的关键问题之一。根据国内外的研究现状,本文对燃烧过程氮氧化物系统中的反应和传递模型研究进展进行了评述,讨论了各个模型的优点和不足,并提出了NOx预测模型今后的发展方向。     

2．4－二硝基甲苯在水中的光化学反应

本文研究了２．４－二硝基甲苯在纯水、江水、含腐殖质纯水及合过氧化氢纯水中的光化学反应．结果表明：在影响２．４－二硝基甲苯光化学反应的因素中，过氧化氢影响最大，腐殖质次之，ｐＨ值影响最小．研究了２．４－二硝基甲苯在江水、含腐殖质纯水及合过氧化氢的纯水中光化学反应的机理．应用高压液相色谱鉴定了中间产物２．４－二硝基苯甲酸的存在．表明２．４－二硝基甲苯的光化学反应为侧链甲基光化学反应．     

2．4－二硝基甲苯在水中的光化学反应

本文研究了２．４－二硝基甲苯在纯水、江水、含腐殖质纯水及合过氧化氢纯水中的光化学反应．结果表明：在影响２．４－二硝基甲苯光化学反应的因素中，过氧化氢影响最大，腐殖质次之，ｐＨ值影响最小．研究了２．４－二硝基甲苯在江水、含腐殖质纯水及合过氧化氢的纯水中光化学反应的机理．应用高压液相色谱鉴定了中间产物２．４－二硝基苯甲酸的存在．表明２．４－二硝基甲苯的光化学反应为侧链甲基光化学反应．     

厨房垃圾处理的工艺试验

采用高温好氧法对厨房垃圾进行了处理，测定了温度、ＣＯＤ、含水率、重量对反应过程的影响，结果表明，当通风量为０．２ｍ＾３／ｈ，加料量小于０．６ｋｇ／ｄ，反就时间短，且各参数均达到平衡。     

半导体光催化降解气态三氯甲烷的研究

以１５Ｗ主波长为２５４ｎｍ的紫外杀菌灯为光源，锐钛型二氧化钛为催化剂、能够使气态三氯甲烷发生半导体光催化降解反应。空气流量和光强对反应有较大影响。反应产物中氯离子和氢离子浓度基本相符。     

Mesoporous molecular sieve-based materials for catalytic oxidation of VOC: A review

As the main contributor of the formation of particulate matter as well as ozone, volatile organic compounds(VOCs) greatly affect human health and the environmental quality. Catalytic combustion/oxidation has been viewed as an efficient, economically feasible and environmentally friendly way for the elimination of VOCs. Supported metal catalyst is the preferred type of catalysts applied for VOCs catalytic combustion because of the synergy between active components and support as well as its flexi...     

生物法净化有机污染物的酶反应动力学修正

以生化法处理有机污染物的系统为讨论对象 ,从底物负荷影响微生物生长的角度出发 ,通过对有机污染物负荷与生化反应速度之间的关系的分析 ,得出进口底物浓度的大小会影响生物反应器内微生物的量的多少 ,从而影响器内的生化反应速率的结论 ,并按照“稳定平衡”假说的设想 ,建立了修正的Michaelis -Menten公式     

Review of technologies and their applications for the speciated detection of RO2 radicals

Peroxy radicals (RO₂), which are formed during the oxidation of volatile organic compounds, play an important role in atmospheric oxidation reactions. Therefore, the measurement of RO₂, especially distinct species of RO₂ radicals, is important and greatly helps the exploration of atmospheric chemistry mechanisms. Although the speciated detection of RO₂ radicals remains challenging, various methods have been developed to study them in detail. These methods can be divided into spectroscopy and mass spectrometry technologies. The spectroscopy methods contain laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), UV-absorption spectroscopy, cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) and matrix isolation and electron spin resonance (MIESR). The mass spectrometry methods contain chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CI-APi-TOF), chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS), CI-Orbitrap-MS and the third-generation proton transfer reaction–time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR3). This article reviews technologies for the speciated detection of RO₂ radicals and the applications of these methods. In addition, a comparison of these techniques and the reaction mechanisms of some key species are discussed. Finally, possible gaps are proposed that could be filled by future research into speciated RO₂ radicals.     

河水BOD1～20与反应速率常数K的初探

实验证明,由于无锡水域中硝化菌的存在,使ＢＯＤ硝化阶段大为提前。因此当水体含氮有机物丰富时,硝化因素应予以重视。