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排序方式: 共有149条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
21.
Peng Liu Xiaoliang Liang Yanliu Dang Junkai He Alireza Shirazi-Amin Laura A. Achol Shanka Dissanayake Hanlin Chen Mingli Fu Daiqi Ye Steven L. Suib 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(3):293-303
Ceria is widely used as a catalyst for soot combustion, but effects of Zr substitution on the reaction mechanism is ambiguous. The present work elucidates effects of Zr substitution on soot combustion over cubic fluorite-structured nanoceria. The nanostructured CeO2, Ce0.92Zr0.08O2, and Ce0.84Zr0.16O2 composed of 5–6 nm crystallites display Tm-CO2 (the temperature at maximum CO2 yield) at 383, 355, and 375°C under 10 vol.% O2/N2, respectively. The size of agglomerate decreases from 165.5 to 51.9–57.3 nm, which is beneficial for the soot-ceria contact. Moreover, Zr increases the amount of surface oxygen vacancies, generating more active oxygen (O2? and O?) for soot oxidation. Thus, the activities of Ce0.92Zr0.08O2 and Ce0.84Zr0.16O2 in soot combustion are better than that of CeO2. Although oxygen vacancies promote the migration of lattice O2?, the enriched surface Zr also inhibits the mobility of lattice O2?. Therefore, the Tm-CO2 of Ce0.84Zr0.16O2 is higher than that of Ce0.92Zr0.08O2. Based on reaction kinetic study, soot in direct contact with ceria preferentially decomposes with low activation energy, while the oxidation of isolated soot occurs through diffusion with high activation energy. The obtained findings provide new understanding on the soot combustion over nanoceria. 相似文献
22.
Tianyi Li Chengwu Zhang Jingyi Zhang Song Yan Chuanyu Qin 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):87
23.
Jennifer A. Chatman David F. Caldwell Charles A. O'Reilly Bernadette Doerr 《组织行为杂志》2014,35(6):785-808
The relationship between organizational culture and financial performance remains elusive even though researchers have studied it for some time. Early research suggested that a strong culture that aligns members' behavior with organizational objectives boosts financial performance. A more recent view is that, because strong cultures promote adherence to routines and behavioral uniformity, they are less effective in dynamic environments. We suggest that the relationship between culture and performance can be reconciled by recognizing that culture encompasses three components: (1) the content of norms (norm content); (2) how widely members agree about norms (culture consensus); and (3) how intensely organizational members hold particular norms (norm intensity). We hypothesize that “strong cultures”—where a high consensus exists among members across a broad set of culture norms—can contribute to better financial performance even in dynamic environments if norm content intensely emphasizes adaptability. We test this hypothesis in a sample of large firms in the high‐technology industry. Firms characterized by higher culture consensus and intensity about adaptability performed better three years later than did those characterized by lower consensus, lower intensity about adaptability, or both. We discuss how parsing culture into content, consensus, and intensity advances theoretical and empirical understanding of the culture–performance relationship. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
24.
Microcosmic experiments were performed under a simulated marine environment to investigate the natural attenuation of C9 aromatics using nine components (propylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, 2-ethyltoluene, 3-ethyltoluene, 4-ethyltoluene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and indene). This research aims to assess the contribution of biodegradation and abiotic activity to total attenuation of C9 aromatics and ascertain the changes in the comprehensive toxicity of seawater in the natural environment. The process of natural attenuation indicates the agreement with pseudo-first-order kinetics for all nine components in microcosmic experiments. The half-lives of the nine main compounds in C9 aromatics ranged between 0.34 day and 0.44 day under optimal conditions. The experiments showed that the natural attenuation of nine aromatic hydrocarbons mainly occurred via abiotic processes. Seawater samples significantly inhibited the luminescence of P. phosphoreum (the luminescence inhibition ratio reached 100%) at the beginning of the experiment. In addition, the toxicity declined slowly and continued for 25 days. The attenuation kinetics and changes in toxicity could be applied to explore the natural attenuation of C9 aromatics in the marine environment. 相似文献
25.
Shengqi Zhang Chengsong Ye Wenjun Zhao Lili An Xin Yu Lei Zhang Hongjie Sun Mingbao Feng 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(7):93
26.
As a means to remediate soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, we investigated a combined process involving
ethanol washing followed by a Fenton oxidation reaction. Artificial loamy soil was contaminated with various representative
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., fluorene, anthracene, pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, or benzo(a)pyrene) at concentrations
ten times higher than regulatory soil standards of The Netherlands or Canada, and then washed four times in ethanol, which
reduced the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination to below the regulatory standard. Fenton oxidation
of ethanol solutions containing anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, pyrene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(j)fluoranthene,
or indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene showed a removal efficiency of 73.3%–99.0%; by contrast, solutions containing naphthalene, fluorene,
fluoranthene, phenanthrene, or benzo(b)fluoranthene showed a removal efficiency of 9.6%–27.6%. Since each of the nonremediated
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, excluding benzo(b)fluoranthene, are easily biodegradable, these results indicate that the
proposed treatment can be successfully applied to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil that does not contain
high concentrations of benzo(b)fluoranthene. The main reaction products resulting from Fenton oxidation of ethanol solutions
containing anthracene or benz(a)anthracene were anthraquinon or benz(a)anthracene-7,12-dione, respectively; while 1,8-naphthalic
anhydride was produced by solutions of acenaphthylene and acenaphthene, and 9-fluorenone by a fluorene solution.
Received: June 9, 1998 / Accepted: March 24, 1999 相似文献
27.
催化湿式氧化处理H—酸溶液的反应动力学 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
两阶段一级反应动力学模型和广义动力学模型被用来描述湿式氧化(WAO)及催化湿式氧化(CWAO)反应过程,并确定了动力学参数。2个模型的计算值均与实验值相符,而广义动力学模型相对现准确些。2个确定均表明反尖分2个步骤:首先是H-酸被迅速氧化成小分子有机酸,后者再缓慢氧化,这2个步骤由模型参数加以表征,因而模型可被用来对CWAO催化剂进行评价。 相似文献
28.
Understanding the degradation behavior of azo dyes in photocatalytic wastewater treatment is of fundamental and practical importance for their application in textile-processing and other coloration industries. In this study, quantum chemistry, as density functional theory, was used to elucidate different degradation pathways of azo pyridone dyes in a hydroxyl radical (HO?)-initiated photocatalytic system. A series of substituted azo pyridone dyes were synthesized by changing the substituent group in the para position of the benzene moiety, ranging from strong electron-donating to strong electron-withdrawing groups. The effect of dye molecular structure on the photocatalytic degradation reaction mechanism was analyzed and quantification of substituent effects on the thermodynamic and kinetics parameters was performed. Potential energy surface analysis revealed the most susceptible reaction site for the HO? attack. The calculated reaction barriers are found to be strongly affected by the nature of substituent group with a good correlation using Hammett σp constants and experimentally determined reaction rates. The stability of pre-reaction complexes and transition state complexes were analyzed applying the distortion-interaction model. The increased stability of the transition state complexes with the distancing from the substituent group has been established. 相似文献
29.
Alexander M. Kusmanoff Fiona Fidler Ascelin Gordon Georgia E. Garrard Sarah A. Bekessy 《Conservation biology》2020,34(5):1131-1141
Communication and advocacy approaches that influence attitudes and behaviors are key to addressing conservation problems, and the way an issue is framed can affect how people view, judge, and respond to an issue. Responses to conservation interventions can also be influenced by subtle wording changes in statements that may appeal to different values, activate social norms, influence a person's affect or mood, or trigger certain biases, each of which can differently influence the resulting engagement, attitudes, and behavior. We contend that by strategically considering how conservation communications are framed, they can be made more effective with little or no additional cost. Key framing considerations include, emphasizing things that matter to the audience, evoking helpful social norms, reducing psychological distance, leveraging useful biases, and, where practicable, testing messages. These lessons will help communicators think strategically about how to frame messages for greater effect. 相似文献
30.
Para-toluene sulfonic acid is a typical intermediary for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and dyes and is a catalyst for organic synthesis. The consumption of para-toluene sulfonic acid used in organic synthesis has increased substantially. The toluene sulfonation process is the central path for synthesizing para-toluene sulfonic acid in China. However, the process has risks and has resulted in numerous disasters. This study utilized a reaction calorimeter 1 to reproduce the commercial toluene sulfonation process in a laboratory. The para-toluene sulfonic acid product was examined with an accelerating rate calorimeter and through differential scanning calorimetry. Both differential and integral isoconversional methods were used to determine the thermal stability of and appropriate thermokinetic models for para-toluene sulfonic acid. The safety parameters of para-toluene sulfonic acid were estimated. The research findings can be used for optimization of the toluene sulfonation process and for safe handling of para-toluene sulfonic acid. 相似文献