桂林会仙喀斯特湿地水位梯度下不同植物群落土壤有机碳及其组分特征

选择桂林会仙喀斯特湿地不同水位梯度下9种植物群落的土壤为研究对象,通过研究0～30 cm不同深度的土壤理化性质、土壤有机碳(SOC)、轻组有机碳(LFOC)、重组有机碳(HFOC)、易氧化有机碳(EOC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)含量等变化趋势,以揭示水位梯度下不同植物群落土壤有机碳组分的分布特征及其影响因子.结果表明:①会仙湿地土壤0～30cm LFOC、HFOC占SOC的质量分数分别为11. 10%,88. 90%,土壤轻组分分配比相对较低,重组分分配比较高;②各群落土壤DOC,EOC; POC和MBC(除铺地黍群落外)含量均随土层深度的增加而减少;与SOC含量变化趋势基本一致,各群落DOC、EOC、POC占SOC的比例随土层变化均呈减小趋势;③华克拉莎群落的SOC、LFOC、HFOC、MBC、DOC、EOC、POC含量在各土层中均为最高,且显著高于其它植物群落;④SOC、全氮(TN)与土壤有机碳各组分含量显著正相关(P 0. 01),土壤pH与LFOC、HFOC、DOC和POC显著正相关,土壤容重与LFOC、HFOC、DOC、EOC和POC显著负相关(P 0. 01),黏粒含量与LFOC、HFOC、DOC、POC和MBC显著负相关;⑤土壤全氮、砂粒含量、pH和土壤含水量对HFOC含量的主要贡献均表现为通过影响其它因子而产生的间接作用效应;土壤TN对EOC、DOC和POC含量具有较强的直接正作用效应;土壤含水量对MBC含量的直接负作用最大.土壤理化特征因子之间的相互作用共同影响着LFOC、HFOC及有机碳各组分含量的变化.     

下扬子地区分区走时表及计算机查表实用程序的编制

一般地震走时表是由一定间隔震中距查算各震相走时。本文所介绍的根据P与S波走时差值由计算机实时快速编制和查算区域地震走时表的方法和程序,适用于震源在壳内任意深度,可含低速层的水平均匀分层模型。此外,本文还给出了下扬子三个分区、三种深度的走时表,以供没有计算机的台站或地震现场作精细定位之用。     

Effects of temperature on population growth and intake of food by the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

Population life tables of the army worm, Mythimna separata, were constructed and nutritional parameters of food for the larvae were examined at 5 temperatures from 16℃ to 32℃. The temperature suitable for growth and reproduction of the insect ranged from 20℃ to 28℃ with the optimum of 24℃. Their survivalship and fecundity were much poorer at 32℃ than at 16℃. Indices of population trend of the insect at these temperatures could well fitted with the parabolic curve which theoretically indicated that the population density would multiply by some 660 after one generation circle at the optimal temperature, 22.6℃, and it would decline at temperatures higher than 32.9℃ or lower than 12.3℃. Larval food intake and their AD tended to go up while their ECI and ECD to go down with a rise in temperature. These alterations in population size and feeding behavior caused by temperature would exert an important effect on their damage to crops.     

Effects of temperature on population growth and intake of food by the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

Population life tables of the army worm, Mythimna separata, were constructed and nutritional parameters of food for the larvae were examined at 5 temperatures from 16℃ to 32℃. The temperature suitable for growth and reproduction of the insect ranged from 20℃ to 28℃ with the optimum of 24℃. Their survivalship and fecundity were much poorer at 32℃ than at 16℃. Indices of population trend of the insect at these temperatures could well fitted with the parabolic curve which theoretically indicated that the population density would multiply by some 660 after one generation circle at the optimal temperature, 22.6℃, and it would decline at temperatures higher than 32.9℃ or lower than 12.3℃. Larval food intake and their AD tended to go up while their ECI and ECD to go down with a rise in temperature. These alterations in population size and feeding behavior caused by temperature would exert an important effect on their damage to crops.     

查表法处理SOx气相化学过程的性能检验

利用三维欧拉型污染物输送模式，气相过程分别采用查表法处理和直接耦合区域性光化学模式（ROS），对1992年硫氧化物输送、沉降量与实测值进行了模拟比较。结果表明，查表法可以节省大量的计算时间，所用时间约为直接耦合化学模式的1／7，查表法处理气相过程能够较好地反映SO2和SO4^2-浓度分布与沉降状况，与直接耦合化学模式具有同样的精度和较好的可信度。     

立式金属油罐容积编表计算机自动查询与计算系统

介绍了立式金属油罐容积编表计算机自动查询与计算系统的设计思想，查询计算原理，功能及实现，程序的编制及调试，应用及测试等，该系统的建立旨在克服人工查询与计算方法的计算繁琐，费时，易出差错的缺点，达到了本质安全。     

介绍一种新编制的环境试验用相对湿度查算表

介绍了一种新的环境试验用相对湿度查算表及其编制目的、编制方法,该查算表用较小的篇幅实现更宽的温度和相对湿度的查算范围(与GB6999鄄86《环境试验用相对湿度查算表》比较)。该查算表中对风速与大气压的修正方法有与其他查算表不同的特点,它对提高相对湿度测量(查算)精度有一定的作用。     

Interactive Effects of Harvest and Deer Herbivory on the Population Dynamics of American Ginseng

Abstract:  Few demographic models for any species consider the role of multiple, interacting ecological threats. Many forest herbs are heavily browsed by white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) and a number of these are also harvested for the medicinal, floral, or horticultural trades. Previous studies of the viability of American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius ) have separately examined the effects of harvesting and deer herbivory. We followed individually marked ginseng plants in 6 populations for 8 years and documented deer browse levels, conducted helicopter surveys to estimate the deer herd size, and documented 2 ginseng harvests. We used this long-term data set to develop a stochastic demographic model that quantified the separate and interactive role of these threats to ginseng viability. Although harvesting and deer herbivory negatively affected ginseng population growth, their effects were not additive. Deer herbivory negatively affected population growth in the absence but not in the presence of harvesting. Life table response experiments revealed that in the presence of harvesting, deer herbivory had some positive effects on vital rates because browsed plants were less apparent to harvesters. Ginseng populations that were harvested responsibly (i.e., planting seeds from harvested individuals) had higher growth rates than those that were harvested irresponsibly. We concluded that both deer populations and harvesting must be managed to ensure sustainable populations of American ginseng. Our findings underscore the importance of long-term monitoring to assess threats to viability and the need for a broad ecological understanding of the complexity of ecosystem management.     

水下振动台关键技术的研究

本文从理论和实践两方面分析研究了水下振动台的若干关键技术问题,主要包括运动部件的设计、冷却系统的设计、密封系统的设计、压力平衡系统的设计等。解决了水下振动台设计所存在的难题。