渤海海域夏季石油烃污染状况及其环境容量估算

根据调查分析了渤海海域石油烃污染状况,建立了渤海石油烃多介质动力学模型,估算了渤海海域石油烃污染物环境容量和剩余环境容量。结果表明,调查海域石油烃平均浓度为(25.7±13.6)mg／rn3,变化范围为4.4~64.8 mg,／m3,其中,莱州湾,渤海湾等近岸海域污染较严重。在一、二类国家海水水质标准下,渤海海域石油烃污染物环境容量(ECo)为29 169 t／a,在三类国家海水水质标准下ECo为177 306 t／a,在四类国家海水水质标准下ECo为298 446 t／a,各海域在一、二类国家海水水质标准下石油烃污染物环境容量分别为,渤海湾5 255 t／a,辽东湾8 869 t／a,莱州湾4 889 t／a,渤海中部10 156 t／a。     

海水烟气脱硫初探

分析了金山卫，定海，北仑港和台州等地的海水成份，测定了它们的缓冲能力，在鼓泡反应器中进行了海水吸收ＳＯ２的静态试验和使吸收液中ＳＯ３＾２－转变为ＳＯ４＾２－的氧化试验，试验结果表明海水具有用作烟气脱硫吸收液的可能性和吸收液经曝气后直接排海的可能性。     

南海ODP1144孔微玻璃陨石物理化学性质及母源物质的复杂性

ODP 184航次 114 4孔位于南海北部陆缘 (2 0°3.18′N ,117°2 5 .14′E ,水深 2 0 37m) ,在岩心样品中发现的微玻璃陨石主要赋存于 386 .17～ 386 .2 7mcd处 ,这些玻璃陨石主要以球形和椭球形为主 ,可见泪滴状、马鞍形、扁豆形、圆盘形、哑铃形、翼形、异形等形态和不规则状碎片。通过微玻璃陨石主量元素电子探针分析 ,并用Harker图解讨论了主量元素氧化物之间的相关性 ,同时结合Niggli参数进一步深入探讨微玻璃陨石的母源物质特征。研究结果表明 ,ODP114 4孔微玻璃陨石属于澳亚散落区内的普通型微玻璃陨石 ,其母源物质成分复杂 ,可能有两种或两种以上的物质组成 ,一种可能是化学成分没有太大变化的碎屑沉积岩 ,另一种可能是粘土及杂砂岩等。     

黄海北部对虾放流水域污染分析

根据１９９６－１９９８年对黄海北部中国虾放流增殖水域的调查，对该水域的污染状 评价，结果表明，除个别站位ＣＯＤ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｈｇ有少量超标外，综合评价和单因子评价均符合渔业水质标准规定的要求，水质良好，适合幼对虾的栖息和生长。但污染物含量特别是重金属含量有逐年增高的趋势。     

生活污水对蝌蚪红细胞微核及核异常的诱导

利用青蛙蝌蚪红细胞微核试验,检测了城市生活污水处理厂各级处理工艺出水的诱变活性。在l6d生话污水处理的实验中,青蛙蝌蚪红细胞微核细胞率及核异常率2d后就呈现统计上的显著增加,并随暴露时间的延长而增高,第8天达到最大值。在不同浓度混合污水暴露实验中,蝌蚪红细胞微核细胞率和核异常率呈现明显的剂量依赖性增加。实验结果表明:城镇生活污水具有较强的诱变活性,一级和二级处理工艺出水也具有一定的诱变活性。现有污水处理工艺有待于进一步改进。     

广东省海堤规划工程环境影响分析及对策

对海堤工程所产生的环境影响进行分析 ,并提出减轻不利影响的对策措施 ,以保证工程充分发挥其效益。     

广西铁山港跨海大桥长度对环境影响的研究

为研究兴建铁山港跨海大桥对水文环境的影响，科学地确定大桥的合理长度，采用二维潮流数值模型对潮位、流场及纳潮量等的变化进行了数值计算，经优化提出推荐方案。     

Chemical Composition and Acidity of Rain at the Gulf of Iskenderun,North-East Mediterranean

The purpose of the present work was to investigate the chemistry of rain in the Gulf of Iskenderun, North East Mediterranean, Turkey. The Gulf region has a large number of industries. Main industries existing in the region are iron and steel works, fertilizer plants, a cement plant, and several medium and mini size steel mills in addition to the international pipe line terminals. This study aims to apportion the local sources contributing to the overall pollution of the region. To this end a precipitation sampling program was started in January 2000, and over 48 precipitation samples were collected from each of 5 stations located at Iskenderun city center, Iskenderun industrial zone, Payas city center, the campus of Iskenderun Technical College and the campus of Mustafa Kemal University. Samples were analysed for pH, NO₃ ⁺, Cl^-. Ca, Al, Ba, Na, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Zn, Fe, K. Concentrations of metal ions were determined by ICP-AES. NO₃ ^- ions and pH were determined by using NO₃ ^- selective electrode and pH meter, respectively.pH values of the collected samples at the industrial zone and at Payas city center, ranged between 5.02 and 7.38, respectively. NO₃ ^- and metal ions concentrations were highly variable. Concentrations of Ca and Fe ions were higher in the industrial zone and Payas city center. In the other three stations, concentrations of metal ions and NO₃ ^- ion were lower than that of industrial zone and the values of pH ranged between 6 and 7.4. The average pH values at Iskenderun Gulf showed that the precipitation was not acidic, because of the high concentration of Ca. The highest concentrations of Na and Cl ions were recorded in the University campus because the campus is located by the Mediterranean Sea.     

Toward reassessing data‐deficient species

One in 6 species (13,465 species) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List is classified as data deficient due to lack of information on their taxonomy, population status, or impact of threats. Despite the chance that many are at high risk of extinction, data‐deficient species are typically excluded from global and local conservation priorities, as well as funding schemes. The number of data‐deficient species will greatly increase as the IUCN Red List becomes more inclusive of poorly known and speciose groups. A strategic approach is urgently needed to enhance the conservation value of data‐deficient assessments. To develop this, we reviewed 2879 data‐deficient assessments in 6 animal groups and identified 8 main justifications for assigning data‐deficient status (type series, few records, old records, uncertain provenance, uncertain population status or distribution, uncertain threats, taxonomic uncertainty, and new species). Assigning a consistent set of justification tags (i.e., consistent assignment to assessment justifications) to species classified as data deficient is a simple way to achieve more strategic assessments. Such tags would clarify the causes of data deficiency; facilitate the prediction of extinction risk; facilitate comparisons of data deficiency among taxonomic groups; and help prioritize species for reassessment. With renewed efforts, it could be straightforward to prevent thousands of data‐deficient species slipping unnoticed toward extinction.     

Two Hundred Years of Local Avian Extinctions in Eastern Amazonia

Local, regional, and global extinctions caused by habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation have been widely reported for the tropics. The patterns and drivers of this loss of species are now increasingly well known in Amazonia, but there remains a significant gap in understanding of long‐term trends in species persistence and extinction in anthropogenic landscapes. Such a historical perspective is critical for understanding the status and trends of extant biodiversity as well as for identifying priorities to halt further losses. Using extensive historical data sets of specimen records and results of contemporary surveys, we searched for evidence of local extinctions of a terra firma rainforest avifauna over 200 years in a 2500 km² eastern Amazonian region around the Brazilian city of Belém. This region has the longest history of ornithological fieldwork in the entire Amazon basin and lies in the highly threatened Belém Centre of Endemism. We also compared our historically inferred extinction events with extensive data on species occurrences in a sample of catchments in a nearby municipality (Paragominas) that encompass a gradient of past forest loss. We found evidence for the possible extinction of 47 species (14% of the regional species pool) that were unreported from 1980 to 2013 (80% last recorded between 1900 and 1980). Seventeen species appear on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, and many of these are large‐bodied. The species lost from the region immediately around Belém are similar to those which are currently restricted to well‐forested catchments in Paragominas. Although we anticipate the future rediscovery or recolonization of some species inferred to be extinct by our calculations, we also expect that there are likely to be additional local extinctions, not reported here, given the ongoing loss and degradation of remaining areas of native vegetation across eastern Amazonia. Doscientos Años de Extinciones Locales de Aves en la Amazonia Oriental