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531.
Verhaegen Y Monteyne E Neudecker T Tulp I Smagghe G Cooreman K Roose P Parmentier K 《Chemosphere》2012,86(10):979-984
The organotin (OT) compounds tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) are potent biocides that have been used ubiquitously in antifouling paints and pesticides since the mid-1970s. These biocides are extremely toxic to marine life, particularly marine gastropod populations. The European Union therefore took measures to reduce the use of TBT-based antifouling paints on ships and ultimately banned these paints in 2003. Despite sufficient data on OT concentrations in marine gastropods, data are scarce for other species such as the North Sea brown shrimp (Crangon crangon), a dominant crustacean species in North Sea inshore benthic communities. The present study provides the first spatial overview of OT concentrations in North Sea brown shrimp. We have compared these data with historical concentrations in shrimp as well as with sediment concentrations. We have also addressed the effect on the shrimp stock and any human health risks associated with the OT concentrations found. TBT and TPhT in shrimp tail muscle ranged from 4 to 124 and from 1 to 24 μg kg−1 DW, respectively. High levels are accumulated in estuarine areas and are clearly related with sediment concentrations (biota-sediment accumulation factor ∼10). Levels have decreased approximately 10-fold since the ban took effect, coinciding with a recovery of the shrimp stock after 30 years of gradual regression. Furthermore, the OT levels found in brown shrimp no longer present a human health risk. 相似文献
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本研究采用盆栽试验法,研究了赤红壤、砖红壤中矿物油对水稻、花生的生理生态影响和矿物油在土壤中的净化。研究结果表明:矿物油对第一季水稻生长发育影响不大,对第二季则表现出明显的抑制作用,低浓度矿物油对花生生长发育有促进作用,高浓度则对其起抑制作用;收获后,水稻各部分及水稻土,花生根及花生土油残留均与投油量呈极显著的直线正相关关系,油在作物根部最易积累;种植两季水稻后,油在赤红壤、砖红壤中的净化率分别为80%以上和50%左右。最后,根据上述研究确定了赤红壤、砖红壤的矿物油临界含量分别为270.90mg/kg和318.92mg/kg。 相似文献
534.
质子化剩余污泥作为生物吸附剂去除水溶液中活性红4的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥为材料,经过质子化处理制备成生物吸附剂,进行了吸附水溶液中活性红4(RR4)的研究.同时考察了吸附时间、溶液pH值、染料浓度、盐的浓度等因素对RR4吸附的影响.生物吸附剂对RR4的吸附所需平衡时间短(约22h),酸性条件利于吸附,碱性条件下则会发生解吸附(解吸附率高于87%),吸附等温曲线符合Langmuir和Freundlich模式,pH=1条件下生物吸附剂、活性碳、硅藻土对RR4的最大吸附量qm分别为35.66,20.48,1.82mg·g-1.RR4低浓度时盐对吸附不产生明显影响,当RR4高浓度时,盐对吸附有促进作用.研究结果表明,用质子化剩余污泥作生物吸附剂去除染料废水中RR4有实际应用的潜力,为剩余污泥的资源化提供了新途径. 相似文献
535.
固定化细胞技术处理含酚废水的研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
固定化细胞技术的关键是所用载体材料的性能。本文力求寻找一种价格低、寿命长、效率高的载体。通过同一菌种在固定状态和游离状态降解含酚废水的实验对比,证明红砖碎粒是一种优良的载体材料。利用正交实验,确定了该菌种在固定时的最佳运行条件。并对游离细胞和固定细胞降解苯酚的过程进行了动力学分析。结果表明,在两种情况下,该菌种降解苯酚的过程均符合Monod模型。 相似文献
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539.
This study addresses the exhaust emissions of CO2, NOx, SOx, CO, and PM2.5 originated from Baltic Sea shipping in 2006–2009. Numerical results have been computed using the Ship Traffic Emissions Assessment Model. This model is based on the messages of the automatic identification system (AIS), which enable the positioning of ships with a high spatial resolution. The NOx emissions in 2009 were approximately 7 % higher than in 2006, despite the economic recession. However, the SOx emissions in 2009 were approximately 14 % lower, when compared to those in 2006, mainly caused by the fuel requirements of the SOx emission control area (SECA) which became effective in May 2006, but affected also by changes in ship activity. Results are presented on the differential geographic distribution of shipping emissions before (Jan–April 2006) and after (Jan–April 2009) the SECA regulations. The predicted NOx emissions in 2009 substantially exceeded the emissions in 2006 along major ship routes and at numerous harbors, mostly due to the continuous increase in the number of small vessels that use AIS transmitters. Although the SOx emissions have been reduced in 2009 in most major ship routes, these have increased in the vicinity of some harbors and on some densely trafficked routes. A seasonal variation of emissions is also presented, as well as the distribution of emissions in terms of vessel flag state, type, and weight. 相似文献
540.
A three-dimensional/high-resolution transport model for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been developed for the East China Sea (ECS). The POPs model has four compartments (gaseous, dissolved, phytoplankton-bound, and detritus-bound phases) and includes processes for diffusive air-water exchange, phytoplankton uptake/depuration to POPs, decomposition of dissolved phase, vertical sinking of phytoplankton, detritus production by phytoplankton mortality, and vertical sinking and decomposition of detritus. The POPs model is coupled with an ocean circulation model that can reproduce the seasonal variation in physical variables to represent the advection and diffusion of POPs. We applied the POPs model to the polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153 (PCB 153) from the atmosphere and examined the behavior of PCB 153 in the ocean. The model showed a remarkable seasonal variability of PCB 153. Concentrations in the dissolved and particulate phases are high in winter (January-March) and low in summer (July-September). In coastal regions, where chlorophyll a concentration is high, horizontal and vertical distributions in the dissolved and particulate PCB 153 concentrations are strongly affected by phytoplankton uptake. The sensitivity experiments on the dynamics of PCB 153 suggested that a change of Henry’s law constant associated with water temperature is the major factor controlling the seasonal variability of PCB 153. The model-based yearly mass balance of PCB 153 in the ECS indicated that most of the atmospheric input (35.5 kg year−1) is removed by the horizontal advection outside the ECS (19.0 kg year−1) and accumulates to the sea bottom by vertical sinking (15.7 kg year−1). For comparison with PCB 153, we also conducted simulations for PCB 52, 101, and 180. The seasonal variations are similar to that of PCB 153. The mass balance of PCB 52 that has short half-life time and less hydrophobic property shows the different results compared with PCB 101, 153, and 180. 相似文献