三维粒子电极催化氧化活性艳红X-3B实验研究

采用浸渍焙烧法制备了Cu/γ-Al2O3、Cu-Co/γ-Al2O3粒子电极,TiO2/Ti为阳极、石墨为阴极,采用三维电极降解染料模拟废水活性艳红X-3B溶液,考察了粒子电极、槽电压、pH值、电解质浓度等因素对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明:该反应器能够有效的降解X-3B,粒子电极显示了较高的催化活性,双组分粒子电极Cu-Co/γ-Al2O3比单组分粒子电极Cu/γ-Al2O3有着更好的催化效果,降解机制主要是电致·OH的间接氧化和粒子电极表面的直接氧化的协同作用。     

桂林毛村岩溶区三种亚类石灰土有机碳矿化研究

应用土壤培养法,比较分析了桂林毛村典型岩溶区黑色石灰土、棕色石灰土、红色石灰土三种亚类石灰土在25℃和70%田间饱和含水量条件下培养90d有机碳矿化速率的差异。结果显示:各亚类土壤有机碳矿化速率和累积释放CO2-C量总体上都随土层加深而递减。0～20cm至20～40cm层递减幅度最大。各亚类石灰土有机碳矿化速率和累计释放量的大小顺序为:黑色石灰土>棕色石灰土>红色石灰土,黑色石灰土的矿化速率远远大于棕色石灰土和红色石灰土,其中0～20cm土层差异最大。土壤有机碳矿化速率和有机碳含量呈正相关。黑色石灰土土壤有机碳矿化释放的CO2-C分配比例最高,达到3.33%,其次是红色石灰土,比例为2.92%,旱地棕色石灰土矿化比例最低,为1.90%,说明桂林毛村典型岩溶区黑色石灰土和红色石灰土有机碳稳定性较弱,旱地棕色石灰土具有较强的固定有机碳能力。     

大连的旅游经济和吸引外资的环境因子修正系数的探讨

通过对大连的旅客及投资者的实地问卷调查 ,统计得出大连的旅游经济的环境因子修正系数为 0 .4 6 ,吸引外资的环境因子修正系数为 0 .2 2。     

白腐真菌处理阳离子红GTL废水的实验研究

采用白腐真菌去除阳离子红GTL,考察了温度、投菌量、阳离子红GTL浓度、pH、葡萄糖投加量等因素对阳离子红GTL去除效果的影响。结果表明,白腐真菌对阳离子红GTL的最佳降解条件为温度30℃,阳离子红GTL初始浓度200 mg/L,投菌量10 g/L。在此条件下,阳离子红GTL模拟废水经白腐真菌降解45 h处理后,脱色率达98.9%,COD值下降了75%。该菌降解阳离子红GTL符合一级反应动力学。     

红河流域1960-2007年极端降水事件的时空变化特征

利用中国境内红河流域23个气象站点1960-2007年的逐日降水数据,基于极端降水指数分析流域极端降水事件的时空变化特征。结果表明:极端降水频次和强度表现出从东南向西北递减的特征,高值区分布在江城-绿春-金平-河口一线以南,低值区分布在巍山-南涧-弥渡一线以北及元江中游河谷;极端降水频次峰值出现在7月,汛期极端降水出现频次占全年的91.48%。1960-2007年期间,极端降水指数均表现出上升趋势,其中,极端降水贡献率和平均日降水强度上升趋势较为显著,线性趋势值分别为0.68%·(10 a)^-1和0.17 mm·d^-1·(10 a)^-1。除了平均日降水强度整体上表现出上升的趋势外,其余5个极端降水指数趋势变化具有空间差异性,增加的站点大多分布在李仙江上游、 元江中上游和藤条江流域,减小的站点大多分布在李仙江下游、 元江下游和盘龙河流域。     

《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》国家标准的更新审视与研究展望

旅游资源作为区域旅游发展独特的存在,是吸引旅游者进行旅游活动的关键要素,也是影响区域旅游经济发展的重要条件。总结国内旅游资源学术研究的发展趋势和研究主题,将其划分为萌芽起步期、发展成熟期和停滞衰退期三个研究阶段,研究主题则主要包括旅游资源概念界定、调查实践、评价与开发等;对2017年更新的《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》国家标准进行系统解读,重点分析其内容的全新变化并且深入剖析尚且存在的问题;对接学术研究与实践应用,重点从旅游资源概念、分类、调查和评价四个方面说明二者的互动关系和延伸讨论,明晰旅游资源研究与应用的重点内容和发展方向,以有益于理论与实践的相互影响和促进。     

Relationship of urinary arsenic metabolites to intake estimates in residents of the Red River Delta, Vietnam

This study investigated the status of arsenic (As) exposure from groundwater and rice, and its methylation capacity in residents from the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Arsenic levels in groundwater ranged from <1.8 to 486 μg/L. Remarkably, 86% of groundwater samples exceeded WHO drinking water guideline of 10 μg/L. Also, estimated inorganic As intake from groundwater and rice were over Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (15 μg/week/kg body wt.) by FAO/WHO for 92% of the residents examined. Inorganic As and its metabolite (monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid) concentrations in human urine were positively correlated with estimated inorganic As intake. These results suggest that residents in these areas are exposed to As through consumption of groundwater and rice, and potential health risk of As is of great concern for these people. Urinary concentration ratios of dimethylarsinic acid to monomethylarsonic acid in children were higher than those in adults, especially among men, indicating greater As methylation capacity in children.     

Planetary Stewardship in an Urbanizing World: Beyond City Limits

Cities are rapidly increasing in importance as a major factor shaping the Earth system, and therefore, must take corresponding responsibility. With currently over half the world’s population, cities are supported by resources originating from primarily rural regions often located around the world far distant from the urban loci of use. The sustainability of a city can no longer be considered in isolation from the sustainability of human and natural resources it uses from proximal or distant regions, or the combined resource use and impacts of cities globally. The world’s multiple and complex environmental and social challenges require interconnected solutions and coordinated governance approaches to planetary stewardship. We suggest that a key component of planetary stewardship is a global system of cities that develop sustainable processes and policies in concert with its non-urban areas. The potential for cities to cooperate as a system and with rural connectivity could increase their capacity to effect change and foster stewardship at the planetary scale and also increase their resource security.     

试论控制陆源污染防治海洋赤潮

简述了赤潮发生的原因、危害及发生情况,通过对海洋污染状况的分析,论述了从治理陆源污染源入手,削减氮、磷排放量,防治海洋赤潮的途径及措施。     

Responses of the earthworm Eisenia andrei exposed to sublethal aluminium levels in an artificial soil substrate

Industrial discharges of Al are increasingly common. In this study, the activities of three antioxidases, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and changes in coelomocytes were investigated in earthworms (Eisenia andrei) exposed to different concentrations of aluminium chloride (range 0–200 mg Al kg^?1 dry soil) in artificial soils for 32 days. Within the first 16 days of Al exposure, catalase activity was elevated in most treatments, while the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were inhibited in all treatments. After 16 days exposure, SOD and GSH-Px activities returned to normal at lower Al concentrations, but were still inhibited at higher concentrations, hence the inhibition of SOD and GSH-Px showed some exposure-level dependence during the late exposure phase. MDA content was significantly elevated from 16 days after initial exposure. Neutral Red retention time of coelomocytes decreased at the highest exposure concentrations after 32 days, and an increased proportion of cells showing membrane damage was also observed at this time using flow cytometry. We conclude that excessive Al in soils can cause oxidative stress and cell damage in earthworms. Hence, Al accumulation in the environment may present an ecological hazard through suppression of the important functions of earthworms in soil ecosystems.