Leaf phenolic compounds in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) induced by exposure to moderately elevated ozone

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), an important feed crop in many parts of the world, is exposed to elevated ozone over large areas. Plants can limit ozone-induced damages by various defence mechanisms. In this work, changes in the concentrations of antioxidant phenolic compounds induced by slightly elevated levels of ozone were determined in red clover leaves by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 31 different phenolics were identified and the most abundant isoflavones and flavonoids were biochanin A glycoside malonate (G-M), formononetin-G-M and quercetin-G-M. Elevated ozone (mean 32.4 ppb) increased the total phenolic content of leaves and also had minor effects on the concentrations of individual compounds. Elevated ozone increased the net photosynthesis rate of red clover leaves before visible injuries by 21-23%. This study thus suggests that the concentrations of phenolics in red clover leaves change in response to slightly elevated ozone levels.     

Citrobacter sp. CK3对活性红KN-3B的脱色反应动力学研究

采用脱色菌Citrobacter sp. CK3,以活性红KN-3B染料为处理对象,在厌氧批式反应条件下,系统考察了pH值,温度和染料浓度对脱色反应速度的影响;通过动力学模拟及反应过程中染料的UV-Vis扫描图分析,探讨了脱色反应机理。结果表明：Citrobacter sp. CK3对活性红KN-3B的脱色反应的适宜pH为7～9;脱色反应速度在温度为32℃时达到最大。染料初浓度从57 mg/L逐渐增大到458 mg/L时脱色率逐渐降低。脱色过程中染料的偶氮键发生断裂,脱色反应符合二级反应动力学。     

Preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic activities of boron- and cerium-codoped TiO2

Boron- and cerium-codoped TiO2 photocatalysts were synthesized using modified sol-gel reaction process and characterized by X- ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, particle size distribution （PSD）, diffuse reflectance spectra （DRS）, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated by monitoring the degradation of dye Acid Red B （ARB）. The results showed that the prepared photocatalysts were mixed oxides mainly consisting of titania, ceria, and boron oxide. The structure of TiO2 could be transformed from amorphous to anatase and then to rutile by increasing calcination temperature; the transformation being accompanied by the growth of particle size without any obvious change in phase structure of CeO2. The XPS of B1.6Ce1.0-TiO2 prepared at 500℃ showed that a few boron atoms were incorporated into titania and ceria lattice, whereas others existed as B2O3. Cerium ions existed in two states, Ce^3＋ and Ce^4＋, and the atomic ratio of Ce^3＋/Ce^4＋ was 1.86. When boron and cerium were doped, the UV-Vis adsorption band wavelength showed an obvious shift toward the visible range （〈526 nm）. As the atomic ratio of Ce/Ti increased to 1.0, the absorbance edge wavelength increased to 481 nm. The absorbance edge wavelength decreased for higher cerium doping levels （Ce/Ti=2.0）. The particles size ranged from 122 to 255 nm with a domain at 168 nm （39.4%）. The degradation of ARB dye indicated that the photocatalytic activities of boron- and cerium-codoped TiO2 were much higher than those of P25 （a standard TiO2 powder）. The activities increased as the boron doping increased, whereas decreased when the Ce/Ti atomic ratio was greater than 0.5. The optimum atomic ratio of B/Ti and Ce/Ti was 1.6 and 0.5, respectively.     

质子化焦化污泥作为生物吸附剂对水溶液中活性红4的吸附性能

以焦化厂污水处理车间的剩余污泥为材料,经过质子化处理制备生物吸附剂,进行了吸附活性红4(RR4)的研究. 考察了吸附平衡时间,溶液pH,染料质量浓度,NaCl浓度等因素对RR4吸附的影响. 结果表明:生物吸附剂对RR4的吸附所需平衡时间为48 h;溶液的pH对吸附过程有较大影响,酸性条件利于吸附,碱性条件下发生解吸附(解吸附率大于70%);吸附等温曲线符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程, pH=1的条件下最大吸附量为(72.33±5.59) mg/g;ρ(RR4)为100 mg/L时,NaCl浓度对RR4的吸附不产生可见影响,ρ(RR4)为500 mg/L时,NaCl的存在对吸附有阻碍作用.      

酵母Candida krusei对合成染料的脱色

通过筛选实验,从土壤中新分离到1株对活性艳红K-2BP具有明显脱色效果的酵母菌株Y-G-I,经鉴定为克鲁斯假丝酵母Candida krusei．该菌株对含活性艳红K-2BP起始浓度为200mg／L的培养基,最大脱色率为99％,达到最大脱色率的时间是12h．克鲁斯假丝酵母的最佳接种量应不低于5％（体积分数）,培养基最适pH在4～9之间,氮源（NH4）2S04浓度不低于0．1％,相对应的碳源葡萄糖浓度不低于0．5％．对脱色机理的研究表明,该菌株对活性艳红K-2BP的去除属于降解脱色．此外,该菌株对另外9种染料（50mg／L）的脱色率在62％～96％之间．其中,对偶氮染料弱酸艳红B、活性黑KN-B和活性红M-3BE的脱色率都达到了90％以上,对三苯甲烷染料（酸性媒介漂蓝B）的脱色率达到了93％．表明克鲁斯假丝酵母在染料废水的处理上可能具有较好地应用潜能．     

光催化降解刚果红时TiO_2失活机理及再生方法研究

以刚果红作为模拟污染物,研究了Ti O2光催化剂的使用活性、失活及再生问题.Ti O2循环使用1、2、3、4、6、8次后,刚果红脱色率依次为86.0%、83.4%、79.1%、65.1%、46.0%、18.8%;失活Ti O2采用250℃、350℃、450℃、550℃进行焙烧再生,并考察其再生效果;通过SEM、XRD、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)对失活前后及再生Ti O2进行表征,分别分析了光催化剂的表面形态、晶体结构、光学特性及表面物种变化.结果表明:实验条件下,光催化剂反复使用8次后就基本丧失活性;造成Ti O2失活的主要原因,一是Ti O2颗粒的团聚;二是刚果红降解的中间产物,如硫酸盐,硝酸盐及含碳化合物累积在Ti O2表面占据催化剂的活性位,并阻碍光子和底物到达催化剂表面,使其光催化活性逐渐降低;失活Ti O2经最适温度450℃再生后,光催化活性恢复至81.4%.     

裂褶菌F17对偶氮染料刚果红的脱色降解及其产物分析

利用本实验室新构建的染料脱色降解体系,对裂褶菌F17(Schizophyllum sp.F17)脱色降解刚果红进行了研究,分析了该菌的主要降解酶,并对刚果红降解产物进行分离和鉴定.结果表明,裂褶菌F17在此体系中对刚果红表现出较高的脱色降解能力,菌球加入48h后脱色率达到91.5%;酶活检测表明,该菌主要产生锰过氧化物酶(MnP),并在脱色48h时,MnP酶活达到最大值96.1U·L-1.此外,对脱色96h和192h后的脱色液进行紫外-可见扫描,发现刚果红在可见光区495nm处的吸收峰已消失,并在紫外区出现多个吸收峰.通过高效液相色谱分离得到1种刚果红降解产物,用质谱和傅立叶红外光谱鉴定,发现该产物相对分子量为184.2,主要官能团为-C6H4-和芳基-NH2,结合刚果红结构和该产物的核磁共振波谱推断其为联苯胺;并且随着降解时间的延长,联苯胺逐渐被降解.     

近年福建沿海的赤潮灾害

近年来,福建沿海主要港湾和养殖区不断有赤潮灾害发生.赤潮爆发不仅破坏生态环境和海洋渔业资源,造成重大经济损失,而且还对人体健康和生命有严重危害.本文就1989年以来发生在福建沿岸的赤潮灾害进行详细报道,同时提出了福建省赤潮灾害的特点及应采取的防治措施.     

循环冷却水系统排污污水的危害及治理

分析炼化企业循环冷却水系统排污污水的水质特点和污染特性，介绍广州石化治理这类污水的方法和经验，阐明循环冷却系统环境污染治理的必要性和社会意义。