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91.
Social capital as a key determinant of perceived benefits of community‐based marine protected areas
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Amy Diedrich Natalie Stoeckl Georgina G. Gurney Michelle Esparon Richard Pollnac 《Conservation biology》2017,31(2):311-321
Globally, marine protected areas (MPAs) have been relatively unsuccessful in meeting biodiversity objectives. To be effective, they require some alteration of people's use and access to marine resources, which they will resist if they do not perceive associated benefits. Stakeholders’ support is crucial to ecological success of MPAs, and their support is likely to depend on their capacity to adapt to and benefit from MPAs. We examined the influence of social adaptive capacity (SAC) on perceived benefits of MPAs in Siquijor, Philippines, in the Coral Triangle. This region has substantial biodiversity and a population of over 120 million people, many of them dependent on marine resources for food and income. The region has many MPAs, most of which are managed under decentralized governance systems. We collected survey data from 540 households in 19 villages with associated MPAs. We evaluated the influence of multiple SAC variables (e.g., occupational multiplicity and social capital) on perceived benefits with decision trees (CHAID) and qualitatively analyzed this relationship with respect to types and recipients of benefits. Our models revealed the key role of social capital, particularly trust in leadership, in influencing perceptions of benefits (χ2 = 14.762, p = 0.000). A path analysis revealed that perceptions of distributional equity were a key mechanism through which social capital affected perceived MPA benefits (root mean‐square error of approximation = 0.050). Building social capital and equity within communities could lead to more effective management of MPAs and thus to expenditure of fewer resources relative to, for example, regulation enforcement. 相似文献
92.
城市生态环境质量分区方法学研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
城市生态环境质量是影响城市景观和居民身心健康的最重要的因素之一,环境质量分区是进行城市生态环境评价的基础性工作,是进行城市环境规划的重要依据之一。本文从环境质量分区的概念阐述入手,在分析传统分区方法的同时,提出城市环境质量分区的遥感技术法,证明遥感技术应用于城市环境质量分区,具有精度高,快速和省力的特点。 相似文献
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94.
非感潮河流水污染带范围的估算 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在河流污染带范围随机模拟方法的基础上提出了一个附加概率意义的污染带新定义,然后利用线性回归,分别采用3种曲线拟合和1个方面拟合两种方法,对污染带的范围进行估算,结果表明,能较真实地反映河流污染带的实际情况。 相似文献
95.
沿江感潮水闸环境引水量的计算方法及实例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
墅沟临江水闸对上海嘉宝北片的北引南排以及水资源调度提供了重要保护,本文以墅沟临江水闸为例,采用回归分析法和流量系统法探讨了基于水利调度方案下的沿江水闸环境引水量计算过程,并分析了沿江水闸环境引水量计算的主要影响因子。结果表明:(1)影响墅沟水闸引水量的主要因子是闸门的开度;(2)流量系数可以校正一次过闸流量的影响,但难以反映一潮引水中水闸开度动态变化所产生的影响,仍需进行校正;(3)沿江感潮水闸环境引水量的计算,难点在于闸门开度随闸内外水位差而发生复杂的变化,墅沟水闸闸门开度的设计调度方案与水位的变化是逆向的,人为调控的因素起到很大的作用。分析计算表明不同年型对水闸引水量影响较小,可以认墅沟水闸基本能够保证在不同年型的持续稳定引水。 相似文献
96.
Gretchen G. Moisen Elizabeth A. Freeman Jock A. Blackard Tracey S. Frescino Niklaus E. Zimmermann Thomas C. Edwards Jr. 《Ecological modelling》2006
Many efforts are underway to produce broad-scale forest attribute maps by modelling forest class and structure variables collected in forest inventories as functions of satellite-based and biophysical information. Typically, variants of classification and regression trees implemented in Rulequest's© See5 and Cubist (for binary and continuous responses, respectively) are the tools of choice in many of these applications. These tools are widely used in large remote sensing applications, but are not easily interpretable, do not have ties with survey estimation methods, and use proprietary unpublished algorithms. Consequently, three alternative modelling techniques were compared for mapping presence and basal area of 13 species located in the mountain ranges of Utah, USA. The modelling techniques compared included the widely used See5/Cubist, generalized additive models (GAMs), and stochastic gradient boosting (SGB). Model performance was evaluated using independent test data sets. Evaluation criteria for mapping species presence included specificity, sensitivity, Kappa, and area under the curve (AUC). Evaluation criteria for the continuous basal area variables included correlation and relative mean squared error. For predicting species presence (setting thresholds to maximize Kappa), SGB had higher values for the majority of the species for specificity and Kappa, while GAMs had higher values for the majority of the species for sensitivity. In evaluating resultant AUC values, GAM and/or SGB models had significantly better results than the See5 models where significant differences could be detected between models. For nine out of 13 species, basal area prediction results for all modelling techniques were poor (correlations less than 0.5 and relative mean squared errors greater than 0.8), but SGB provided the most stable predictions in these instances. SGB and Cubist performed equally well for modelling basal area for three species with moderate prediction success, while all three modelling tools produced comparably good predictions (correlation of 0.68 and relative mean squared error of 0.56) for one species. 相似文献
97.
Daniela?CocchiEmail author Enrico?Fabrizi Carlo?Trivisano 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2005,12(2):195-208
We consider the problem of assessing long-term trends of ozone concentrations measured on a single site located in an urban area. Among the many methods proposed in the literature to eliminate the confounding effect of changing weather conditions, we employ a stratification of daily maxima based on regression trees. Within each stratum conditional independence and Weilbull distribution are assumed for maxima. Long-term trend is defined non-parametrically by the sequence of yearly medians. Models are estimated following the Bayesian approach. The alternative assumptions of common and stratum specific trends are compared and a model with common trend for all strata is selected for the analyzed real dataset. The conditional independence assumption is checked by the comparison with a model including an autoregressive component. 相似文献
98.
This paper provides a new reference line for municipal solid waste characterization in Kuwait. The baseline data were collected in accordance with the Standard Test Method for the Determination of the Composition of Unprocessed Municipal Solid Waste (ASTM). The results indicated that the average daily municipal waste generation level is 1.01 kg/person. Detailed waste stream surveys were conducted for more than 600 samples of municipal solid waste (MSW). The waste categories included paper, corrugated fibers, PET bottles, film, organic matter, wood, metal, glass, and others. The results indicated that organic waste dominated the characterization (44.4%), followed by film (11.2%) and then corrugated fibers (8.6%). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate the influence of season and governorate on waste composition. A significant seasonal variation was observed in almost all waste categories. In addition, significant differences in proportions between the current level and 1995 baseline were observed in most waste categories at the 95% confidence level. 相似文献
99.
This study presents an analysis of injuries (severe and fatal) sustained by “high-performance-small-motorcycle” users in Malaysia and establishes the relationship between fatality risk and human factors, exposure and vehicle factors resulting from motorcycle crashes. From the data gathered a statistical model based on logistic regression modeling technique has been developed. Five variables found to have a significant influence on fatality risk (p < 0.05) were age, location sites, engine capacity, object/vehicle struck and collision types. 相似文献
100.