大芯板中甲醛的释放规律及影响因素分析

以大芯板为试材,在模拟气候舱中研究密闭状态下甲醛的释放规律及影响因素。发现板材中甲醛的释放为短时间内剧烈释放,约24h后甲醛释放呈缓慢上升状态直至饱和,且板材的不同来源对甲醛的释放规律无显著影响;甲醛的释放速率在释放初期随温度的升高而加快,释放后期受温度影响不显著;湿度对甲醛的释放速率影响不显著;新风的通入会促进短时内甲醛的释放,20h后释放仍符合原规律曲线。     

Overqualification and counterproductive work behaviors: Examining a moderated mediation model

The current study examined the effect of employees' perceived overqualification on counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs). Building on person–job fit theory and prior research on such organizational phenomena, we conceptualized overqualification as a type of poor person–job fit. Drawing on the dual‐process model, we further suggested that in processing their person–job misfit, overqualified employees might cognitively appraise themselves as less worthy organizational members and experientially feel angry toward the employment situation. We also suggested that to the extent that overqualified people are sensitive to justice, they may react more or less strongly to being overqualified. We tested our predictions using time‐lagged data from a sample of 224 workers and their supervisors employed in a large manufacturing company in China. Consistent with our theoretical framework, we found that organization‐based self‐esteem (OBSE) and anger toward employment situation mediated the positive relationships between perceived overqualification and both self‐rated and supervisor‐rated CWBs. In addition, justice sensitivity moderated the relationship between perceived overqualification and the mediators (i.e., OBSE and anger) and the indirect relationship between perceived overqualification and CWB. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings as well as future research directions are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

易燃易爆危险物质泄漏扩散仿真及其应用的研究

以某轻烃厂泄漏事故为研究对象，研制并开发了一个事故后果仿真软件（ＰＣＩＭＳ）．针对仿真过程中存在的问题，如模型的复杂性、参数的不确定性等提出了处理方法．通过具体生产装置的泄漏扩散后果分析，演示了ＰＣＩＭＳ的仿真结果     

基于人工社会模型的退田还湖生态补偿机制实例研究

基于补偿者和受偿者意愿的研究方法是建立切实可行的生态补偿机制的有效手段。为探讨在我国许多地区开展退田还湖生态补偿政策的有效实施机制,减少洪涝灾害与生态环境退化负面效应,研究构建了基于农户、政府和企业三类主体及其相互作用的生态补偿模型,并重点分析生态补偿标准、洪灾风险、生态环境保护、劳动力本地转移政策等因素对农户主体土地利用决策的影响。以鄱阳湖区莲湖乡为实例,以农户和企业从事生产活动的行为特征和政府宏观调控方式为基本准则,利用构建的多主体模型模拟了不同补偿机制下退田还湖政策可能产生的土地利用长期效应。结果表明,政府给予农户的经济补偿可以使农户自愿实施退田,但在不同情景下,政府实施退田还湖的代价和达到预期目标的时限差距显著。企业参与不仅能减轻政府的经济负担,同时也有利于剩余农村劳动力的转移。政府发展壮大当地经济,提高农业劳动力向非农产业转移的速度和质量,均有助于推进退田还湖政策的有效实施。     

南宁市南湖沉积物磷释放的研究

采用室内试验模拟法对南宁市南湖沉积物进行磷的释放研究，测定南湖沉积物中磷释放速率及释放量，对影响南湖沉积物磷释放的各种环境因子进行研究。     

O3/H2O2深度处理印染废水二级出水

采用O3/H2O2高级氧化工艺深度处理印染废水二级出水,考察了不同反应条件对O3/H2O2工艺的影响,并且对污水二级出水有机物(EfOM)的性质和去除行为进行了表征分析。结果表明,在pH=9,臭氧进气流量0.2 L/min,臭氧浓度116 mg/L,反应时间100 min,H2O2投加量9.79 mmol/L时,COD和色度去除率分别为82.2%、96.9%,B/C(BOD5/COD)由初始的0.10提升到0.32。此外,三维荧光光谱(3DEEM)、相对分子质量分布(MWD)以及亲疏水性分布分析表明,处理后EfOM的荧光特性发生变化,低分子量物质大量增加,亲疏水性分布也有所改变。     

The influence of social relationships on pro-environment behaviors

We examine how social relationships are related to pro-environment behaviors. We use new data from a nationally representative US sample to estimate latent cluster models in which we describe individuals' profiles of social ties with family, neighbor, and coworkers along two dimensions: intensity of connections and pro-environment norms. While our results confirm the link between social ties and economic behaviors, we show that ties among relatives, neighbors, and coworkers are not perfect substitutes. In particular, we observe consistent relationships between green family profiles and altruistic and community-based behaviors. We also find that the effect of coworker ties is visible for cost-saving activities and altruistic behaviors, and that neighbors matter for working with others in the community to solve a local problem, volunteering, and recycling.     

No person is an island: The effects of group characteristics on individual trait expression

Although most researchers now espouse a person‐by‐situation interactionist approach, there remains much work to be carried out to fully understand how different features of the environment interact with personality to influence behavior. Thus, this study sought to examine the moderating effects of three group‐level constructs on the relationships between two personality traits (conscientiousness and extraversion) and individual performance and counterproductive behaviors. Specifically, using trait activation theory as an organizing framework, we considered the moderating effects of the following: (i) a previously unexamined construct called core group evaluations (CGEs); (ii) group conscientiousness composition; and (iii) group extraversion composition. Data were obtained from a sample of university football players (N = 225–252 from 40 groups). The results indicated that CGEs moderated the relationships between individual conscientiousness and both performance (subjective) and counterproductive behaviors. Group conscientiousness composition also moderated the relationships between individual conscientiousness and both performance (objective and subjective) and counterproductive behaviors. Lastly, group extraversion composition moderated the relationship between individual extraversion and counterproductive behaviors. These findings highlight the importance of considering a team's CGEs, as well as the personality composition of team members when investigating the effects of conscientiousness and extraversion on individual performance and counterproductive behaviors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of monoammonium phosphate particle size on flame propagation of aluminum dust cloud

The effect of monoammonium phosphate (NH₄H₂PO₄) particles on 5 μm aluminum dust flames is investigated experimentally and computationally. NH4H2PO4 in three particle size is employed to determine the inhibition efficiency on aluminum flame propagation. Flame inhibition mechanism considering both gas and surface chemistry of aluminum particles is developed. Results show that the inhibition effectiveness monotonously increases as NH₄H₂PO₄ particle size is reduced to 25 μm. Flame morphology and flame microstructure change with the addition of different particle size NH₄H₂PO₄. Small NH₄H₂PO₄ particles within the range studied have a greater reduction in average flame propagation compared to the coarser one. Meanwhile, the fine NH₄H₂PO₄ particles almost decompose completely during the penetration of aluminum flame and then undergo a sufficient chemical interaction with the flame. The simulations indicate that the decomposition products of NH₄H₂PO₄ particles obstruct the oxidation of aluminum particles through flame radical consumption. Additionally, the addition of NH₄H₂PO₄ can reduce the vaporization rate and surface reaction rate of aluminum particles.     

The indirect relations of workplace incivility with emotional exhaustion and supportive behaviors via self‐blame: The moderating roles of observed incivility and trait emotional control

Drawing from the social cognitive theory of self‐regulation, we develop a model linking experienced incivility to emotional exhaustion and supportive behaviors via self‐blame, with observed incivility experienced by coworkers as a first‐stage moderator and trait emotional control as a second‐stage moderator. We contend that employees will experience self‐blame if they perceive themselves to be distinct targets of incivility (i.e., observed incivility experienced by others is low). Self‐blame can potentially trigger prosocial responses for improving the situation, but self‐blaming targets rarely respond in a prosocial manner because rational attempts to do so are thwarted by deleterious negative emotions accompanying self‐blame. We argue that trait emotional control provides resources for managing these negative emotions to unleash a bright side of self‐blame, such that the relation of self‐blame with prosocial responses (i.e., being supportive to coworkers) will be more positive and the relation of self‐blame with emotional exhaustion will be less positive for individuals with high (vs. low) trait emotional control. Multiwave data collected from a sample of 220 police officers largely support our hypotheses, indicating that the indirect relation of experienced incivility with supportive behaviors via self‐blame is strongest at lower levels of observed incivility and higher levels of emotional control.