UASB和膜生物反应器联合工艺处理酿造废水

采用调节＋混凝＋水解酸化＋uAsB＋膜生物反应器联合工艺处理高浓度酿造废水。结果表明CODcr、BOD5和总磷（TP）最终去除率为99.9％，SS、总氮（TN）和色度处理效率分别为88．4％、7013％和62．6％。表明该处理酿造废水的联合工艺系统净化效率高，尤其对有机物去I涂效果明显，抗冲击负荷能力强，运行稳定，处理后完全能够达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978—1996）规定的一级标准。     

活性污泥工艺对重金属的去除及微生物的抵抗机制

活性污泥工艺通常被用于污水厂的污染物降解和有机物稳定，但同时它还能去除重金属，当重金属的浓度需从10—100mg／L处理到＜1mg／L以下时，其更显得有效和经济。许多重金属可被活性污泥去除，去除率取决于操作条件及其物理，化学和生物的影响因子等。活性污泥细菌产生的胞外多聚糖为聚合物提供了吸附源，并在絮疑沉淀中起重要作用。不同的金属和不同的金属价态在多聚糖上的吸收结合位点不同，导致重金属去除率各不相同。在各种不同规模的活性污泥处理单元中，Fe、Cu、Cr、Pb和Zn有较高的去除率，而Ni、Mn相对较低。金属离子的存在能促使基因产生抗金属毒性的酶，对大多数重金属的抵御属于质粒编码系统，抗重金属的微生物在环境核复中将有诱人的应用前景。     

Electrocoagulation coupled with electrooxidation for the simultaneous treatment of multiple pollutants in contaminated sediments

In situ and simultaneous remediation of a variety of pollutants in sediments remains a challenge. In this study, we report that the combination of electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO) is efficient in the immobilization of phosphorus and heavy metals and in the oxidation of ammonium and toxic organic matter. The integrated mixed metal oxide (MMO)/Fe anode system allowed the facile removal of ammonium and phosphorus in the overlying water (99% of 10 mg/L NH₄⁺-N and 95% of 10 mg/L P disappeared in 15 and 30 min, respectively). Compared with the controls of the single Fe anode and single MMO anode systems, the dual MMO/Fe anode system significantly improved the removal of phenanthrene and promoted the transition of Pb and Cu from the mobile species to the immobile species. The concentrations of Pb and Cu in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure extracts were reduced by 99% and 97% after an 8 hr operation. Further tests with four real polluted samples indicated that substantial proportions of acid-soluble fraction Pb and Cu were reduced (30%–31% for Pb and 16%–23% for Cu), and the amounts of total organic carbon and NH₄⁺-N decreased by 56%–71% and 32%–63%, respectively. It was proposed that the in situ electrogenerated Fe(II) at the Fe anode and the active oxygen/chlorine species at the MMO anode are conducive to outstanding performance in the co-treatment of multiple pollutants. The results suggest that the EC/EO method is a powerful technology for the in situ remediation of sediments contaminated with different pollutants.     

强电场电离放电脱硫研究

窄脉冲电晕放电等离子体中电子平均能量低于3eV,没有解决SO2氧化和铵盐回收率难题，强电离放电的电子平均能量达到10eV，有效解决热化学脱硫的SO2氧化和铵盐回收率问题。铵盐回收率达到88％以上，放电能耗低于9Wh/Nm^3。为烟气脱硫提供一项低成本有效的新方法。     

减少香烟毒性的研究进展

介绍了减少香烟中焦油和尼古丁含量，降低其毒性的不同方法。制成复合过滤嘴或采用新型过滤材料可以取得较好的去除效果。在烟草中加入添加剂或采用其他烟草替代物也可在一定程度上改善香烟的性质，减轻香烟的毒害。     

Agglomeration and removal characteristics of fine particles from coal combustion under different turbulent flow fields

Turbulent agglomeration is a promising pretreatment technology for improving the removal of fine particles in industrial flue gas, which can improve the particle removal effect of dust removal equipment safely and economically. However, due to the complexity of turbulence mechanisms, the relationship between turbulent flow fields and the agglomeration of fine particles is not known with precision, resulting a weak promotion effect for particle removal with this pretreatment technology. In this work, three kinds of turbulent agglomerators were constructed to investigate the agglomeration and removal characteristics of fine particles under different turbulent flow fields. The results demonstrated that the turbulent agglomerator with small-scale and three-dimensional vortexes in the flow field had the best effect in improving the agglomeration and removal of fine particles. Two kinds of agglomeration modes in turbulent agglomeration were proposed, one being agglomeration between fine particles in the vortex area, and the other the capture of fine particles by coarse particles. Furthermore, the motion trajectory, relative velocity and residence time of fine particles of different sizes in different flow fields were calculated by numerical simulation to investigate the interaction mechanism of particle agglomeration and turbulent flow fields. The results showed that a flow field with small-scale and three-dimensional vortexes can reduce the Stokes number (St_K) and the relative velocity of particles of different sizes, and extend their residence time in a turbulent flow field, so as to obtain a better agglomeration effect for fine particles.     

污水除磷技术的研究与发展

介绍了废水除磷技术的常用方法,并阐述了工艺发展现状及污水除磷技术的最新发展动向.提出以反硝化除磷教术为基础的双污泥工艺是一种很有前景的处理工艺,磷的回收利用是除磷技术发展的必然趋势.以实现可持续发展的除磷技术为目的,并对今后的研究方向作出展望.     

高梯度磁场中磁性可吸入颗粒物脱除试验研究

在高梯度磁场中,分别对钡铁氧体、Fe3O4和γ-Fe2O3等3种磁性可吸入颗粒物进行了脱除实验研究.通过改变外加磁场磁通密度、格栅排数、气溶胶流量、磁性可吸入颗粒物的种类,研究其脱除效率的变化规律.确定影响磁性可吸入颗粒物脱除效率的因素.结果表明:外加磁场的磁通密度越大,颗粒物的脱除效率越高,但有一定限度;格栅排数增加后,颗粒物的脱除效率得到提高;随着流量的增加,颗粒物的脱除效率有所下降;磁性颗粒的磁化率越大.颗粒脱除效率越高.     

高效沉淀装置处理后期雨水的试验研究

以悬浮物浓度、浊度、化学需氧量COD作为测试指标,通过小试对新型高效沉淀装置用于后期雨水的处理进行了研究。结果表明,混凝剂(PAC)和助凝剂(PAM)投加量分别为30 mg/L和1 mg/L时,对悬浮物SS、浊度和CODCr的平均去除效率分别达到了83.2%、76%和64.1%,出水水质达到了排放标准要求。     

Pollution characteristics of particulate matters emitted from outdoor barbecue cooking in urban Jinan in eastern China

To understand the pollution characteristics of particulate matter emitted from outdoor barbecue cooking in eastern China, measurements of the PM_2.5 mass concentration, the number concentration of particles with a diameter of 0.01 to 1.0 μm, and the particle size distribution from 0.3 to 25 μm were carried out at seven barbecue restaurants in urban Jinan. The average PM_2.5 mass concentration and sub-micron particle number concentrations at a distance of 1 m from the grills were 250 to 1083 μg/m³ and 0.90 × 10⁵ to 2.23 × 10⁵ cm^–3, respectively, which were much higher than those in the ambient air of the urban area. Compared to the ambient atmosphere, barbecue cooking emitted very high levels of particles with a larger increase in the concentrations of super-micron particles than that of sub-micron particles. The super-micron particle number concentrations at the barbecue restaurants were 10 to 100 times higher than those observed in the ambient urban atmosphere. The barbecue smoke had a significant effect on the particle concentrations in the surrounding region. Both mass and number concentrations of particles exhibited maximum values immediately near the barbecue grills and often reached a peak at a distance of 10 to 15 m. The removal efficiency of a range hood for the cooking particles was tested in an indoor kitchen. The range hood effectively cleaned the particulate matter pollution caused by cooking with a removal efficiency larger than 80%. Therefore, the use of a range hood is recommended for outdoor barbecue restaurants coupled with a smoke purifier to clean the emitted high concentrations of particles.

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