Cationic hydrogels for toxic arsenate removal from aqueous environment

Poly(3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (p(APTMACl)) hydrogels were synthesized and utilized as absorbents for the removal of toxic arsenate from aqueous medium. The pH-dependent swelling characteristics of the hydrogel were studied, and the experimental parameters that affect the absorption efficiency were investigated. Our results demonstrate that these types of hydrogels are highly effective in removing arsenate(V) anions from the aqueous environment. A removal efficiency of approximately 99.7% was obtained be immersing 1.5g/l hydrogel in a solution containing 50ppm As(V) at pH 9 for 360min. Moreover, the hydrogels are very easy to handle upon absorption, avoiding issues related to the separation of traditional powder absorbents from water after absorption.     

Removal of mercury from aqueous solutions using activated carbon prepared from agricultural by-product/waste

Removal of mercury from aqueous solutions using activated carbon prepared from Ceiba pentandra hulls, Phaseolus aureus hulls and Cicer arietinum waste was investigated. The influence of various parameters such as effect of pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration and adsorbent dose for the removal of mercury was studied using a batch process. The experiments demonstrated that the adsorption process corresponds to the pseudo-second-order-kinetic models and the equilibrium adsorption data fit the Freundlich isotherm model well. The prepared adsorbents ACCPH, ACPAH and ACCAW had removal capacities of 25.88 mg/g, 23.66 mg/g and 22.88 mg/g, respectively, at an initial Hg(II) concentration of 40 mg/L. The order of Hg(II) removal capacities of these three adsorbents was ACCPH > ACPAH > ACCAW. The adsorption behavior of the activated carbon is explained on the basis of its chemical nature. The feasibility of regeneration of spent activated carbon adsorbents for recovery of Hg(II) and reuse of the adsorbent was determined using HCl solution.     

Removal of antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by extended sludge age biological process

Removal of four antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine and trimethoprim) and four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen) using extended sludge age biological process was investigated. The sludge age of the biological system was greater than 200 d. Hydraulic retention time of 12 h was maintained throughout the experiment. The extended sludge age biological process is able to treat pharmaceuticals with good and steady removal efficiencies: 64–93% removal for antibiotics over 1–5 μg L⁻¹ influent concentrations and 94% to complete removal for acetaminophen and ibuprofen with a wide range of influent concentrations 1–100 μg L⁻¹. For ketoprofen and naproxen the removal efficiencies are 79–96% over a range of 1–15 μg L⁻¹ influent concentrations. The removal efficiency decreases with increasing initial concentrations for all target compounds except for ibuprofen. This indicates that the initial influent concentration is an important parameter for the studies of fate of pharmaceuticals. The amount of bio-mass and size of the reactor required to achieve good and steady removal efficiencies for known influent pharmaceutical concentrations are also suggested in this study.     

AT—CS吸附剂及其除铅性能研究

通过吸附剂在含铅溶液中的振荡实验,研究了凹凸棒石粘土(AT)和钢渣(CS)混合吸附剂的制备条件及其除铅性能。确定出最佳条件为AT/CS混合比为1:1。3mol/l H_2SO_4处理480分钟并在105℃下热处理2小时。AT-CS吸附剂在良好扩散条件下,30分钟内可去除大部分铅,对铅的吸附容量高达670mg/g以上。     

高浓度含氮废水生物脱氮新工艺研究

采用厌氧氨氧化-UASB工艺处理高浓度含氮废水,这是一种全新的生物脱氮工艺。厌氧氨氧化-UASB反应器、厌氧氨氧化-UASB-生物膜反应器在相同的进水条件和温控条件下稳定运行,实现了对氮素的持续去除能力,NH4^＋-N、NO2^--N、TN去除率分别保持在99．9％、99．9％、90．0％以上,稳定运行阶段出水pH值均保持在8．5附近。NH4^＋-N去除量与NO2^--N去除量、NO2^--N生成量的比值可以指示厌氧氨氧化反应器性能的演变。ANAMMOX菌在生长过程中需消耗碱度,因此反应器内pH值的变化可以反映生物反应的相对强度。生物膜的培养有利于ANAMIVIOX菌积累,UASB-生物膜反应器运行效果明显优于不具有生物膜的普通UASB反应器。     

Improving the removal of fine particles by chemical agglomeration during the limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization process

Coal-fired power plants are considered a major source of fine particle emissions in China.Aimed to improve the removal efficiency of fine particles during the limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization(WFGD) process, a novel technology using chemical agglomeration to abate the emission of fine particles is presented herein. The relationship between fine particle emission and the proportion of fine particles in the desulfurization slurry was studied.Additionally, the influence of chemical agglomeration on fine particle size distribution, both in the flue gas and slurry was experimentally investigated. When chemical agglomeration agents were added to the desulfurization slurry, the fine particle removal performance as well as the effects of the operation parameters was also explored via the simulated experimental facility.The results revealed that the fine particles in both the desulfurization slurry and flue gas were significantly enlarged after the addition of the agglomeration agents. This was more marked in the submicron particles. Thus, the proportion of fine particles( 10 μm) in the slurry decreased from 31.1% to 22.6%. An increase in the desulfurization slurry temperature and liquid-to-gas ratio aided the reduction in fine particle emission. Moreover, the addition of an agglomeration agent in the slurry did not affect the desulfurization efficiency of the desulfurization tower and even promoted the WFGD process. Thus, the proposed chemical agglomeration technique reduced the fine particle emission of the WFGD system by ～30%, while a desulfurization efficiency 90% was maintained.     

生物与化学成因施氏矿物吸附去除水中As(Ⅲ)效果的比较研究

施氏矿物作为一种具有良好应用前景的高砷吸附材料已倍受人们关注.采用静态吸附实验对生物、化学成因施氏矿物去除模拟地下水中As(Ⅲ)进行了研究.结果表明,在25℃,初始As(Ⅲ)浓度为0.2 mg·L-1,施氏矿物投加量为0.25 g·L-1时,生物成因施氏矿物吸附3 h后溶液中As(Ⅲ)含量降低到10μg·L-1以下(地...     

Fenton氧化法深度处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

采用Fenton氧化法对经生化处理后的垃圾渗滤液进行深度处理。结果表明,Fenton反应最佳工艺条件:初始pH值为3,H2O2加入量为3.0mL/L,FeSO4.7H2O加入量为3.5g/L,反应时间120min。生化处理后的垃圾渗滤液经Fenton氧化法深度处理后,CODCr由处理前的300mg/L,降至处理后的93mg/L,去除率达69.0%,出水水质达到新修订的《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)排放标准。     

Fate of pathogenic microorganisms and indicators in secondary activated sludge wastewater treatment plants

This study was undertaken to investigate the removal of pathogenic microorganisms and their indicators in a laboratory scale biological treatment system that simulated the secondary treatment process of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Four groups of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminths as well as the selected indicators were employed in the investigation. The results demonstrated that approximately 2-3 log10 removal of the microbial indicators was achieved in the treatment process. The log removal of Clostridium perfringens spores was low due to their irreversible adsorption to sludge flocs. The laboratory treatment system demonstrated a similar removal capability for Escherichia coli and the bacterial indicators (total coliforms, enterococci and particles <2.73 microm/L). The MS-2 bacteriophage, measured as a viral indicator, showed a lower removal than poliovirus, which may be considered as a worst case scenario for virus removal. The results of using particle profiling as an indicator for protozoa and helminths appeared to be inaccurate. The removal performance for bacterial and protozoan pathogens and their indicators in a full scale WWTP and the laboratory treatment system was compared.     

荷电水雾振弦栅除尘效率影响因素及相关性分析

为进一步提高荷电水雾振弦栅除尘器除尘效率,在自制模型基础上进行实验,在喷雾水压、喷嘴孔径一定时,以除尘效率η为实验结果,针对入口风速(V)、电场强度(E)和放电距离(L)3个影响因素进行实验研究。根据实验结果得到各影响因素与除尘效率的线性关系,利用MATLAB进行曲线拟合,得到拟合线性方程,通过SPSS软件分析了各因素针对除尘效率的权重关系为V>E>L,并得到V、E和L的相关性系数分别为:-0.264、1.529、0.016;实验结果表明:η与V成负相关、与E和L成正相关;V和E对η具有非常显著的影响,而L的影响相对较弱;综合拟合方程和相关性系数,建立了该项实验3因素对除尘效率影响的经验公式。效验表明该公式可靠,具有一定参考价值。