毛发载体生物膜法对印染、化工废水脱色处理的试验研究

利用经特定脱脂处理后的毛发作载体,固定脱色混合菌。依赖毛发自身营养,不需外加营养物质,对印染和化工有色废水作脱色处理。试验研究结果表明,在一定pH和温度下,废水脱色率可稳定在85％以上;在低温或大于32℃时,仍可保持较高的脱色率,并可同时去除废水中的硫化物、氰化物、酚类等有毒有害污染物,其去除率>80％。     

Dissolved metal ion removal by online hollow fiber ultrafiltration for enhanced size characterization of metal-containing nanoparticles with single-particle ICP-MS

Single particle-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) is a powerful tool for size-characterization of metal-containing nanoparticles (MCNs) at environmentally relevant concentrations, however, coexisting dissolved metal ions greatly interfere with the accuracy of particle size analysis. The purpose of this study is to develop an online technique that couples hollow fiber ultrafiltration (HFUF) with SP-ICP-MS to improve the accuracy and size detection limit of MCNs by removing metal ions from suspensions of MCNs. Through systematic optimization of conditions including the type and concentration of surfactant and complexing agent, carrier pH, and ion cleaning time, HFUF completely removes metal ions but retains the MCNs in suspension. The optimal conditions include using a mixture of 0.05 vol.% FL-70 and 0.5 mmol/L Na₂S₂O₃ (pH = 8.0) as the carrier and 4 min as the ion cleaning time. At these conditions, HFUF-SP-ICP-MS accurately determines the sizes of MCNs, and the results agree with the size distribution determined by transmission electron microscopy, even when metal ions also are present in the sample. In addition, reducing the ionic background through HFUF also lowers the particle size detection limit with SP-ICP-MS (e.g., from 28.3 to 14.2 nm for gold nanoparticles). This size-based ion-removal principle provided by HFUF is suitable for both cations (e.g., Ag⁺) and anions (e.g., AuCl₄⁻) and thus has good versatility compared to ion exchange purification and promising prospects for the removal of salts and macromolecules before single particle analysis.     

不同滤料除铁除锰效果研究

具有除铁除锰能力的滤料品种和产地不同,其物理吸附能力、对化学氧化的催化作用也不同,因此,在相同环境条件下,除铁除锰的效果也不同。针对这一问题选取了三种滤料进行试验研究,并对其中的一种进行了微生物接种。试验研究表明所有滤料对铁都有较好的去除效果,出水铁含量均低于0.30mg/L的水质标准。而锰的去除效果受滤料性质影响较明显。     

Profiles and removal efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by two different types of sewage treatment plants in Hong Kong

Sewage discharge could be a major source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in the coastal waters. Stonecutters Island and Shatin Sewage Treatment Works(SCISTW and STSTW)in Hong Kong, adopted chemically enhanced primary treatment and biological treatment,respectively. This study aimed at(1) determining the removal efficiencies of PAHs,(2) comparing the capabilities in removing PAHs, and(3) characterizing the profile of each individual PAHs, in the two sewage treatment plants(STPs). Quantification of 16 PAHs was conducted by a Gas Chromatography. The concentrations of total PAHs decreased gradually along the treatment processes(from 301 ± 255 and 307 ± 217 ng/L to 14.9 ± 12.1 and 63.3 ± 54.1 ng/L in STSTW and SCISTW, respectively). It was noted that STSTW was more capable in removing total PAHs than SCISTW with average total removal efficiency 94.4% ± 4.12% vs. 79.2% ± 7.48%(p 0.05). The removal of PAHs was probably due to sorption in particular matter, confirmed by the higher distribution coefficient of individual and total PAHs in solid samples(dewatered sludge contained92.5% and 74.7% of total PAHs in SCISTW and STSTW, respectively) than liquid samples(final effluent-total contained 7.53% and 25.3% of total PAHs in STSTW and SCISTW, respectively).Despite the impressive capability of STSTW and SCISTW in removing PAHs, there was still a considerable amount of total PAHs(1.85 and 39.3 kg/year, respectively for the two STPs) being discharged into Hong Kong coastal waters, which would be an environmental concern.     

DO对水解酸化池与好氧MBR组合工艺运行效果的影响研究

针对溶解氧（DO）、气水比对水解酸化池与好氧MBR组合工艺处理污水效果的影响和能耗问题．从气水比对DO的影响,DO对COD与色度去除效果的影响等方面来讨论气水比,溶解氧以及污水处理效果之间的最佳运行点。试验结果表明。在P（MLSS）分别为5．81、4．25、2．19g／L的运行条件下,MBR的最佳气水比为39：1、28．1.18：1;DO变化速率随污泥浓度的下降而升高;DO的变化对COD、色度的去除效果影响并不显著。     

一体式SNAD废水处理系统的启动和稳定运行控制研究

通过小试实验考察了同步半硝化-厌氧氨氧化-反硝化(SNAD)系统启动和稳定化运行的条件。结果显示,通过控制温度、pH、DO、曝气方式以及碱度与进水氨氮的比值,采用人工富集厌氧氨氧化细菌的方法,成功启动了SNAD系统,并且实现了稳定化运行。氨氮和总氮的去除率均可达到90%以上,平均出水硝酸盐和进水总氮的比例可控制在11%以内。另外,在启动过程中还发现,菌体自溶贡献了大部分化学耗氧量(COD),但随着系统的稳定,菌体自溶现象趋于减小。     

Biochemical responses of the freshwater microalga Dictyosphaerium sp. upon exposure to three sulfonamides

Sulfonamides(SAs) are common antimicrobial drugs, which are frequently detected in surface water systems, and are difficult to degrade, posing a potential threat to the aquatic environment. However, little is known about the potential adverse effects of SAs on nontarget organisms(e.g., microalgae) in the aquatic ecosystem. In this study, the effect of SAs(sulfadiazine(SD), sulfamerazine(SM1), and sulfamethazine(SM2) at 1, 5, 20, and 50 mg/L concentrations, respectively) on the freshwater microal...     

新型干法水泥熟料项目环境影响评价要点分析

通过对水泥行业各不利因素进行分析,提出节能生产工艺、脱硝控制、生态保护、降噪等方法和措施。通过在环境影响评价中提出以上要求措施,以环境监理和验收作为落实手段,在建设期将各类环保措施落实到位,以期在新建水泥行业实现先期预防、清洁生产的结果。     

城市景观水体中腐殖酸的臭氧氧化去除

以南京师范大学德风园池底泥中提取的腐殖酸(HA)为研究对象,采用臭氧氧化技术对其进行去除,对初始pH值、混合气体流量、腐殖酸(HA)初始浓度以及水中常见离子等因素对去除效果的影响进行了研究。实验结果表明:腐殖酸(HA)的去除率随初始pH值的升高而提高,随混合气体流量减少而提高;当腐殖酸(HA)初始浓度为5 mg/L时,反应过程中溶液的UV254升高,紫外扫描结果发现,溶液在200~220 nm内出现杂乱的吸收峰,表明有新物质生成;水中常见的无机阴离子(CO32-、HCO3-)和二价金属离子(Ca2+、Cu2+)的存在会降低臭氧对腐殖酸(HA)的去除率。     

生物除铁、锰的需氧量试验研究

研究锰砂滤层去除铁、锰过程中溶解氧因素对去除效果的影响,为生物法除铁、锰的实际运行提供了参考依据。在其他运行条件相同的情况下,只改变其中DO一项,进行去除率试验对比。DO在一定范围内的变化对生物除铁除锰效率的提高无显著影响。从经济性和微生物角度考虑原水DO维持在3mg/L左右既可满足运行要求。