常见沉水植物对草海水体(含底泥)总氮去除速率的研究

利用狐尾藻?菹草?苦草?伊乐藻?金鱼藻?篦齿眼子菜?轮藻等7种沉水植物对受污染的草海水体(含底泥)总氮去除速率进行了试验研究?结果表明:每种沉水植物对水体总氮?总磷均有显著去除作用,在试验的27d内,对总氮?总磷的去除百分率分别为80.31%,89.82%;重点对7种沉水植物引起水体总氮浓度下降与时间的关系作回归分析,所得结果是随着时间的延长,水体中总氮浓度呈负指数形式衰减?该文还研究了水体总氮浓度与去除速率之间的关系?每种沉水植物在试验的总氮浓度范围内(2.628～16.667mg/L)去除速率随总氮浓度的增加而增加?对TN_{_t}曲线和V-TN曲线在大型水生植物系统恢复中的应用进行了讨论?      

EM菌强化SBR脱氮除磷的试验研究

重点讨论了有效微生物群（EM）在SBR反应器中对生活污水的TP，NH3－N和TN和TN的去除效昆，结果表明，当EM投加量（VEM／V污水）为1／1000－1／1000时，能显著提高SBR工艺对TP，NH3－N和TN的去除率和降解速度，具有节能降耗的优点，当EM投加量（VEM／V污水）在1／1000－5／1000范围内，TN的去除率随EM量的增加而逐渐提高。     

La-Na-Co-Mn-O系钙钛矿型催化剂同时去除柴油机碳颗粒和NOx性能的研究

采用低温燃烧法制备了Na+部分取代La3+的La1-xNaxCo0.5Mn0.5O3系钙钛矿型复合氧化物催化剂。利用程序升温反应(TPR)技术,对催化剂应用于柴油机常规排放物中的碳微粒(soot)和氮氧化合物(NOx)的同时催化脱除性能进行了研究。     

Removal of PAHs with surfactant-enhanced soil washing: influencing factors and removal effectiveness

PAH removal with surfactant enhanced washing was investigated through a series of laboratory tests to examine the effect of stirring speed, washing time, surfactant concentration, liquid/solid ratio, temperature, and on-and-off mode. The first four factors show significant influence on the PAH removal while the latter two do not. Total removal ratio and a new proposed parameter, solubilization percentage, are used to evaluate the effectiveness quantitatively.     

刚玉冶炼电炉烟尘回收的环境意义

电弧炉冶炼棕刚玉过程中产生大量烟尘，排放到大气中严重污染环境。为全面评估刚玉冶炼电炉烟尘对环境的影响，本文对贵州某厂３０００ＫＶＡ及７５００ＫＶＡ两组电炉，采用电收尘及布袋收尘前后的１２个状态和２４个系列进行预测计算与分析，结果表明；采用电收尘或布袋收尘后，电炉周围的大气环境质量显著改善，由三级的恶劣状态变为一级的优良状态。     

饮用水中致突变有机物的光化学氧化研究

以Ａｍｅｓ试验为指标，对城市自为水中致突变有机物的光分解和光催化氧化自理效果进行了研究对比，实验表明，在相同的光照强度下，固定膜光催化氧化对水中致突变物有良好的去除作用，效果优于直接光分解，在处理时间同为１ｈ的条件下，光催化氧化对ＴＡ９８菌株诱变指数的削减率为４７％，而光分解的削减率仅为３３％，对水样的有总有机炭，色谱图峰数和峰面积，及Ａｍｅｓ试验透变指数等３个指标的测定结果分析表明，Ａｍｅｓ试验     

Monodisperse amino-modified nanosized zero-valent iron for selective and recyclable removal of TNT: Synthesis, characterization, and removal mechanism

Nitroaromatic explosives are major pollutants produced during wars that cause serious environmental and health problems. The removal of a typical nitroaromatic explosive, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), from aqueous solution, was conducted using a new recyclable magnetic nano-adsorbent ([email protected]₂NH₂). This adsorbent was prepared by grafting amino groups onto [email protected]₂ particles with a well-defined core-shell structure and demonstrated monodispersity in solution. The removal performance of the nano-adsorbent towards TNT was found to be 2.57 and 4.92 times higher than that towards two analogous explosives, 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 2-nitrotoluene (2-NT), respectively, under neutral conditions. The difference in the removal performance among the three compounds was further compared in terms of the effects of different conditions (pH value, ionic strength, humic acid concentration, adsorbent modification degree and dosage, etc.) and the electrostatic potential distributions of the three compounds. The most significant elevation is owing to modification of amino on [email protected]₂ which made a 20.7% increase in adsorption efficiency of TNT. The experimental data were well fit by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model, indicating multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. The experimental results and theoretical considerations show that the interactions between [email protected]₂NH₂ NPs and TNT correspond to dipole-dipole and hydrophobic interactions. These interactions should be considered in the design of an adsorbent. Furthermore, the adaptability to aqueous environment and excellent regeneration capacity of [email protected]₂NH₂ NPs makes these remediation materials promising for applications.     

城市污水硝化反硝化及生物脱氮计算

本文论述城市污水硝化反硝化及生物脱氮的设计计算，并用计算示例加以说明．     

利用藻类去除与回收工业废水中的金属

藻类对金属离子具有较强的富集能力，可作为生物吸附应用于工业污水中有毒、放射性金属的去除及稀有，贵重金属的回收，高效，经济、简便、选择性好，尤其适用于低浓度及一般方法不易去除的金属，是一种极有应用价值的传统方法的替代或辅助手段，藻类主要是通过生物吸附的途径去除及回收金属，多采用知细胞与固定化细胞两种富集体系。目前人类环境中金属污染仍相当严重，利用藻类富集这一生物工程技术处理含金属的工业污水，无论对于     

粗粒化法处理乳化食用油脂废水的研究

采用W型和H型改性聚丙烯纤维作为粗粒化材料，能有效处理乳化食用油脂废水，某些指标显示H型比W型具有更好的除油性能。废水流速和粗粒化材料填充量，是影响粗粒化除油效果的两个重要工艺操作参数，在最佳流速和适当填充量下，能使粗粒化取得最佳最经济的效果。超过一定浓度的表面活性剂存在，会影响粗粒化除油的效果；废水的温度对粗粒化除油的效果影响不大。实际处理餐饮废水的试验结果表明，采用粗粒化技术能有效降低餐饮废水中的含油量，并能大幅降低COD的浓度，有利于后续的生化处理。