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41.
Kurt B. Carlsson 《Chemosphere》1989,18(9-10):1731-1736
The graph below shows the emitted dioxin - equivalents (Eadon) in grams per year in flue gas from municipal solid waste incinerators with various air pollution control methods for plants of capacity of 200 000 ton municipal solid waste (MSW) per year.
Full-size image (15K)
With optimized combustion and an effective air pollution control system the emissions of dioxins can be kept very low (concentrations below 0.1 ng/m3n).
With a very effective air pollution control system the total emission from all Swedish MSW-incinerators burning approximately 1.5 Mton/year will by 1990 be below 2 g/year - a drastic reduction from approximately 15 g today. As the total dioxin - equivalent emission to the environment in Sweden in the year 1987 was almost 500 g we see that municipal waste incineration really is on the way to solve their dioxin problem. 相似文献
42.
南充炼油化工总厂污水处理技改及运行综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
黄进 《石油化工环境保护》2006,29(3):13-16
南充炼油化工总厂污水处理装置从2004年开始进行技术改造,于2005年8月实现了已改设施一次开车成功,各项水质指标均达到并超过设计要求。对技术改造的情况、采用的新技术新工艺做全面介绍,对装置改造后的运行效果进行分析。 相似文献
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44.
为了解同步硝化内源反硝化除磷(SNEDPR)系统处理低C/N(<3)污水的脱氮除磷特性,采用厌氧/低氧(溶解氧0.5~1.0mg/L)运行的SBR反应器,以低碳城市污水为处理对象,考察了C/N对SNEDPR启动、脱氮除磷性能优化与菌群结构变化的影响.结果表明:进水C/N由4.3提高至5.15时,系统脱氮除磷性能均逐渐增强,系统总氮(TN)和PO43--P去除率最高达89.3%和90.6%;降低进水C/N <3后,系统脱氮、除磷性能均呈现先降低后逐渐升高的趋势,但低C/N对PAOs(聚磷菌)除磷性能的影响高于其对反硝化聚糖菌(DGAOs)内源反硝化脱氮性能的影响,表现为TN和PO43--P去除率分别先降低至21.4%和3.4%后逐渐升高至92.9%和94.1%.系统稳定运行阶段,单位COD平均释磷量和SNED率达437.1mgP/gCOD和89.1%,出水NH4+-N、NOx--N和PO43--P浓度平均为0,4.4,0.2mg/L.经136d的运行,系统内PAOs,GAOs,AOB(氨氧化菌)和NOB(亚硝酸盐氧化菌)分别占全菌的(16±3)%,(8±3)%,(7±3)%和(3±1)%,其保证了系统除磷、硝化和反硝化脱氮性能.此外,系统好氧段存在同步短程硝化内源反硝化,是实现低C/N(<3)污水高效脱氮除磷的原因. 相似文献
45.
Magnetic Fe0/Fe3O4/graphene has been successfully synthesized by a one-step reduction method and investigated in rapid degradation of dyes in this work. The material was characterized by N2 sorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that Fe0/Fe3O4/graphene had a layered structure with Fe crystals highly dispersed in the interlayers of graphene, which could enhance the mass transfer process between Fe0/Fe3O4/graphene and pollutants. Fe0/Fe3O4/graphene exhibited ferromagnetism and could be easily separated and re-dispersed for reuse in water. Typical dyes, such as Methyl Orange, Methylene Blue and Crystal Violet, could be decolorized by Fe0/Fe3O4/graphene rapidly. After 20 min, the decolorization efficiencies of methyl orange, methylene blue and crystal violet were 94.78%, 91.60% and 89.07%, respectively. The reaction mechanism of Fe0/Fe3O4/graphene with dyes mainly included adsorption and enhanced reduction by the composite. Thus, Fe0/Fe3O4/graphene prepared by the one-step reduction method has excellent performance in removal of dyes in water. 相似文献
46.
以沈阳市某污水处理厂普通絮状活性污泥为接种污泥,采用人工配制的模拟废水,在SBR反应器中进行好氧颗粒污泥培养实验研究。结果表明:通过运行方式的调整及参数的改变,在第33 d培养出成熟的好氧颗粒污泥,污泥粒径在2~3 mm左右;在一次曝气后增加静置缺氧段,有利于脱氮,系统中COD、NH3-N去除率可分别达到93%和92%;好氧颗粒污泥系统中含有大量的原生动物和后生动物,系统中污泥状态良好,处理效果好。采用逐步提高生活污水比例的方法对颗粒污泥进行驯化,当生活污水的比例达到100%时,系统出水COD50mg/L,NH3-N5 mg/L,达到GB18918—2002一级A出水标准。 相似文献
47.
Dong-Qing Zhang K.B.S.N. Jinadasa Richard M. Gersberg Yu Liu Soon Keat Tan Wun Jern Ng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been successfully used for treating various wastewaters for decades and have been identified as a sustainable wastewater management option for developing countries. With the goal of promoting sustainable engineered systems that support human well-being but are also compatible with sustaining natural (environmental) systems, the application of CWs has become more relevant. Such application is especially significant for developing countries with tropical climates, which are very conducive to higher biological activity and productivity, resulting in higher treatment efficiencies compared to those in temperate climates. This paper therefore highlights the practice, applications, and research of treatment wetlands under tropical and subtropical conditions since 2000. In the present review, removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solid (TSS) was shown to be very efficient and consistent across all types of treatment wetlands. Hybrid systems appeared more efficient in the removal of total suspended solid (TSS) (91.3%), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (84.3%), and nitrogen (i.e., 80.7% for ammonium (NH)4-N, 80.8% for nitrate (NO)3-N, and 75.4% for total nitrogen (TN)) as compared to other wetland systems. Vertical subsurface flow (VSSF) CWs removed TSS (84.9%), BOD (87.6%), and nitrogen (i.e., 66.2% for NH4-N, 73.3% for NO3-N, and 53.3% for TN) more efficiently than horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs, while HSSF CWs (69.8%) showed better total phosphorus (TP) removal compared to VSSF CWs (60.1%). Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) showed comparable removal efficiencies for BOD (70.7%), NH4-N (63.6%), and TP (44.8%) to free water surface (FWS) CW systems. 相似文献
48.
Dong-Qing Zhang K.B.S.N. Jinadas Richard M. Gersberg Yu Liu Soon Keat Tan Wun Jern Ng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,27(4):30-46
Constructed wetlands(CWs) have been successfully used for treating various wastewaters for decades and have been identified as a sustainable wastewater management option for developing countries. With the goal of promoting sustainable engineered systems that support human well-being but are also compatible with sustaining natural(environmental)systems, the application of CWs has become more relevant. Such application is especially significant for developing countries with tropical climates, which are very conducive to higher biological activity and productivity, resulting in higher treatment efficiencies compared to those in temperate climates. This paper therefore highlights the practice,applications, and research of treatment wetlands under tropical and subtropical conditions since 2000. In the present review, removal of biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) and total suspended solid(TSS) was shown to be very efficient and consistent across all types of treatment wetlands. Hybrid systems appeared more efficient in the removal of total suspended solid(TSS)(91.3%), chemical oxygen demand(COD)(84.3%), and nitrogen(i.e.,80.7% for ammonium(NH)4-N, 80.8% for nitrate(NO)3-N, and 75.4% for total nitrogen(TN))as compared to other wetland systems. Vertical subsurface flow(VSSF) CWs removed TSS(84.9%), BOD(87.6%), and nitrogen(i.e., 66.2% for NH4-N, 73.3% for NO3-N, and 53.3% for TN)more efficiently than horizontal subsurface flow(HSSF) CWs, while HSSF CWs(69.8%)showed better total phosphorus(TP) removal compared to VSSF CWs(60.1%). Floating treatment wetlands(FTWs) showed comparable removal efficiencies for BOD(70.7%),NH4-N(63.6%), and TP(44.8%) to free water surface(FWS) CW systems. 相似文献
49.
50.
楼静 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2004,14(2):42-44
渗透蒸发技术是一种新型膜分离技术,主要用于有机溶剂脱水、水中脱除有机物与有 机物之间的分离。本文主要介绍渗透蒸发技术在脱除水中挥发性有机污染物方面的应用。 相似文献