安全投资技术经济分析的研究

在分析安全投资项目特殊性的基础上，提出了较为完整的安全投资技术经济分析方法，为企业进行安全投资决策提供了充分的依据。     

OUTPUT AND INVESTMENT FRONTIERS OF UNITED STATES IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE1

ABSTRACT: Economic models sometimes indicate that irrigation water is misallocated in agriculture, especially when it appears that the marginal value product is higher in other uses (such as for hydro-power). Historically, trends tend to contradict this reasoning, however, especially since irrigation has grown from 20 million acres in 1940 to over 50 million acres in 1980. Results of this study tend to indicate that as agriculture becomes more and more intensive (in terms of inputs), irrigation is part of that long term trend. Further, major economic variables, such as output and investments in agriculture, appear to be more highly correlated with irrigated land than with dryland agriculture. Recent data indicate an upper limit of about 320 million acres for dryland farming in the United States, while no such constraint is apparent for irrigated agriculture.     

灰色关联分析在安全投资方案选择中的探讨

介绍了灰色关联分析的基本思想和分析步骤，在论述了安全投资的基本内涵及构成的基础上，采用灰色关联分析计算灰色关联度，并由其确定权重的客观多目标的决策方法，最终得出最合理的安全投资方案。通过实例分析，说明了此方法在安全投资方案选择上的科学性和实用性。     

铜山县宏发造纸厂废水治理工程经济效益分析

经济效益分析是污染治理工程很重要的一个环节，污染治理工程成功与否关健在经济上是否有效益。本文对铜山县宏发造纸厂的污水治理工程的经济效益进行分析，得知该厂投资治理污染的成本一年内可收回。企业废水治理后达标排放，减少了对周边环境的污染，井取得显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

生态环境导向的开发(EOD)投融资模式创新需求

生态环境导向的开发模式是解决传统生态治理项目公益性强而经济效益较差的重要手段。本研究总结了“EOD+PPP”模式、投资人+EPC模式、ABO模式、政府专项债券和创新型贷款模式等五项模式的特点与应用案例,并从地方政府支出角度剖析了各种模式的适用条件。本文认为,当前 EOD模式的运行难点包括:产业培育周期较长,投资回报不确定性较大;开发存在诸多风险因素,缺少标准化制度体系;金融机构缺乏积极性,配套投融资考评体系建设不足。最后提出 EOD模式创新的政策建议,通过关联产业一体化实施、协同生态价值实现机制、强化风险管控评估、规范应用投融资模式为完善EOD投融资模式创新提供思路。     

Economic and financial analysis of harvesting and utilization of river reed in the Okavango Delta, Botswana

The Okavango Delta, the largest Ramsar wetland site, is one of the most resource-rich ecosystems in Botswana. A range of resources, including reeds, contribute in various ways to the well-being of many of the communities through subsistence and income generation. The economic value of reeds and other resources found in wetlands has been poorly understood, leading to the perception that wetlands are wastelands, and have little or no economic values. Such resources are therefore likely to receive lower priority in conservation when evaluated against other alternative activities. The aim of this research was to determine the benefit and financial and economic viability of harvesting river reed in the Okavango Delta. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered at three villages in the Okavango Delta. Secondary data were collected from existing literature. Financial and economic analysis was undertaken using static and financial models. Market prices were used to calculate the net income generated from the sale of harvested reed. The measurement criteria for static models were the annual net cash income, net annual economic benefit, and return on investment (ROI), while those under the dynamic models were the net present value (NPV), benefit cost ratio (BCR), and the net benefit investment (N/K) ratio. It was more financially profitable and economically viable to harvest and sell reeds at Shorobe village (a village relatively close to the District economic centre, Maun), than Shakawe or Etsha-13.     

关于深化环保投资体制改革的若干思考

在分析现行环保投资体制改革进程的基础上,提出了深化我国环保投资体制改革的总体目标、基本内容及其外部条件。为了保证足够的环保投入,提高环保投资效益,当前,政府部门应抓住改革的有利时机,稳妥、适时和有重点地推进环保投资体制的深化改革。      

推动环境信息披露能改善投资效率吗？

落实企业环境责任,推动环境信息披露,有利于推动结构调整和高质量发展。本文根据《环境信息公开办法（试行）》,对发布企业社会责任报告的上市公司环境信息披露进行刻画,基于Richardson投资期望模型对投资效率进行测度,分析环境信息披露对上市公司投资效率的影响。研究发现,环境信息披露能在一定程度上缓解投资不足,但对过度投资的影响并不显著,而且环境信息披露对投资不足的缓解作用在国有企业、两权分离度高等代理成本较高的企业中表现更为显著。本文因此提出推动环境信息披露的建议,一方面发挥政府作用,加大监管压力,确保企业环境责任的落实,健全环境治理企业责任体系;另一方面发挥市场的决定性作用,强化诱致企业披露环境信息的动力,让市场形成对环境信息披露的强需求,促使企业提升环境信息披露水平。     

我国民营企业对美国直接投资的空间分布特征研究——以华为技术有限公司为例

自2005年以来,中国对外直接投资快速增长,美国是中国直接投资的重要东道国。而我国民营企业以其产权明晰、机制灵活、运作高效等优势成为我国对美国直接投资中最具发展潜力和最活跃的一部分。根据国家商务部提供的数据,对我国民营企业对美国直接投资的现状、投资的行业分布、投资的方式、投资的空间分布等进行了分析,并以我国最大的民营企业华为技术有限公司为例,研究其在美国的直接投资空间分布特征,从而为我国民营企业在美国直接投资的区位选择提供参考依据。     

基于偏离份额法的我国区域科技经费投入“来源—执行”结构分析

科技经费投入既应注重量的提升,又应关注科技经费投入结构的优化,在加大科技经费投入的同时积极优化投入结构是提高科技资源使用效率的途径。采用偏离份额分析法,从科技经费投入的＂来源—执行＂结构角度测算了我国八大经济区的科技经费投入结构,并从科技经费投入的增长效应、结构效应、竞争力三个方面进行分析,反映出区域科技经费投入发展的速度、动力机制和制度特征。