建筑工地事故的经济损失与最有效的安全投资（香港经验）

本文论述了对因建筑工地发生的事故而导致承包商的经济损失的一个调查情况。作者对１８个建筑工地发生的６１８起事故进行了调查，每一个建筑工地，其安全状况指标是用总的等量损失工作日除以总的所需工作日来评价。通过这１８个例证，可以得到建筑工地事故损失与安全状况指标两者之间的关系。类似的，可以获得安全投资与安全状况指标两者的关系、从这两条曲线中。承包商可以决定对建筑工地的最适宜的安全投资。建筑项目的最小安全投资为建筑总投资的０．５５％。这时，在最适宜点之处安全投资要比总的事故损失大得多。     

关于安全经济投入的思考

论述了安全经济投入的安全性和经济性两种特征及主动和被动两种方式的关系。认为正确认识和处理这些关系，有助于提高人们对安全经济投入的认识，改进安全投入工作     

论森林公园生态旅游的开发管理

森林公园在政府投入不足和自身财力不够前提下,招商开发是最有效的发展途径.本文从招商引资开发森林公园的必要性、招商引资要把握的原则、招商引资具体管理等层面探讨森林公园招商开发管理.     

污水处理厂设备的更新

分析污水处理厂设备运行状况，对设备更新前后，从投资角度，进行经济分析，以提出设备更新年限，提高污水处理厂经济效益。     

Mobilization of innovation and investment resources for environmental management in Russian federation regions

Investments in environmental management and environmental protection have a decisive influence on the future of a region and its place in the economic development of the country as a whole. In this article, the principal differences between investment in environmental management and the financing of other projects are discussed. It is proven that, at present, the investment policy in the field of environmental protection of a region is oriented primarily toward current results. In such cases, it is possible to achieve only short‐term goals, and ultimately, to miss the prospect of further conservation of resources. Hence, short‐term investments in environmental protection activities and the achievement of rapid results are replaced by the commitment to promising, long‐term strategic growth. This article notes that the most effective form of implementing environmental monitoring is through environmental auditing, as auditing is performed at the expense of customers and does not require public financing. Furthermore, the effects of implementing environmental policies based on the results of environmental auditing can be even more significant than the results achieved under the State's environmental protection measures     

Tri-generation investment analysis using Bayesian network: A case study

The increasing energy demand, increasing energy dependency, energy supply security, and environmental concerns have become a part of business policies since COP21 agreements in Paris, 2015. Combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP or tri-generation) systems play an important role in paying the necessary attention to these policies. Tri-generation investment is a complex decision with hybrid use of energy resources. This article aims to reduce the complexity of this decision by the use of Bayesian belief networks in pre-investment stage of tri-generation investment project cycle. The proposed model gives an insight into decision analysis and helps the decision-makers either generate or purchase from it in order to meet the energy demand with different scenarios. The model is studied for a university case. The investment decision for a CCHP (tri-generation) system will be discussed as an alternative for purchasing the electricity and natural gas from the national grids.     

中小企业污染治理及投融资分析研究

针对中小企业污染治理及投融资分析问题,本文阐述了中小企业的发展与环境污染现状,分析了中小企业在发展过程中所造成的环境污染问题,讨论了中小企业环境污染防治所面临的资金和技术的双重困境,剖析了中小企业环境污染防治的复杂特点,提出了中小企业污染治理的投融资建议,包括发行市政债券筹集治污资金和采用污染治理的市场化模式,建立中小企业污染治理的投融资机制,加快推进中小企业环境污染的治理,进一步完善中小企业污染治理和保障机制。     

基于遥感资料的北京大气污染治理投资对降低PM_(2.5)的效能分析

采用北京市环境监测中心35个站点的PM2.5监测数据及MODIS Terra的大气气溶胶光学厚度L3 C051产品数据,分季度建立北京市PM2.5历史浓度遥感估算模型.结合北京大气污染物(PM10、PM2.5、SO2、NO2)年均浓度数据,对北京市2001—2012年间用于工业废气污染治理投资累计额进行了效能分析.研究表明,北京市工业废气污染治理投资对于改善大气PM10、SO2、NO2均有显著贡献,但其对于大气PM2.5污染的治理效果并不明显.可能原因包括PM2.5排放源的复杂性、相关治理措施对PM2.5的针对性、经济增长导致的区域PM2.5源排放持续增长及区域外排放的持续影响等.因此,需要采取专门的有针对性的治理措施,建立健全大气污染治理技术和激励机制,控制工业燃煤及城市交通排放,削减本地及周边源排放,以有效改善北京地区大气PM2.5污染状况.     

Green tenants: practicing a sustainability ethics for the rental housing sector

The shift towards social, government and corporate ethics which value environmental sustainability has also embraced householders in a plethora of educational guides, policies, regulations and consumer information about green home improvements, purchasing choices and household practices. In this paper, we make the claim that the rental housing sector, and in particular the private rental sector, has yet to participate, structurally, culturally and materially, in this shift to an ethics of sustainability. We argue, however, that even on such otherwise arid ground, an alternative ethic is developing, a sustainability ethic practiced by green tenants whose activities inside and outside their homes go beyond the considerable material constraints of their dwellings and incomes, and beyond the purely transactional utility of the rental contract. These activities, relational, interconnected and resilient, offer both glimpses of a greening rental housing sector, and a clearer picture of the areas where work remains to be done. Based on a research study, we conducted of the rental sector in regional Australia, and in particular of the everyday sustainability practices of tenants, we suggest that these activities are a practice-based form of care for the world, in many ways similar to Maria Puig de la Bellacasa's practice-based, human-decentred ethics which she suggests is exemplified in the permaculture movement. The stories of the tenants we interviewed for our study also point the way to other changes which are needed to enable a practice-based sustainability ethic to flourish across the rental housing sector as a whole.     

Prey detection without successful capture affects spider’s orb-web building behaviour

Animals obtain information from past foraging experience to adjust their foraging activity according to their environment. The ability of spiders to obtain information from unsuccessful predation experiences was investigated by examining the effects on web building, a significant foraging investment, of prey detection without successful capture in the orb-web spider Cyclosa octotuberculata. Four treatments were employed: (1) successful capture and feeding: one syrphid fly was allowed to be captured and consumed by the spider on the web; (2) single prey-item detection: a syrphid fly was placed on the web to lure the spider, but was removed before capture; (3) five prey-item detection: above prey-item detection stimulus was given five times; and, (4) control: neither prey nor feeding on the web. While control spiders decreased the total thread length and capture area of their webs, prey-item detection spiders in both conditions increased them, indicating that the spider obtained information from unsuccessful predation experience to adjust their foraging investment. The fed spiders exhibited a significantly greater increase than the prey-detection-only spiders, suggesting that prey detection alone and prey detection with consumption had different informational effects. Total thread length did not differ between single and five prey-item detection spiders, but distance between two adjacent sticky spirals increased only in the former spiders, possibly because five times unsuccessful predations prevented spiders to reduce web stickiness. It suggests that the spider changed web morphology according to the number of prey detection.