Ethical considerations for community-based participatory research with Sami communities in North Finland

This study examines the perspectives of Sami community members and university researchers regarding the ethical considerations for engagement in Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) with Sami communities in northern Finland. Key informant interviews were conducted with Sami people from Finland who were exposed to or participated in research in their communities as well as with researchers who have conducted research with the Sami in Finland across diverse topics. Five themes were identified: establishing trust, research preparation, research comprehension, research ethics, and inclusion in research. The differences in participant perspectives were compared based on their community versus researcher roles. Our findings emphasize the need for (1) strategies to develop and maintain trust between Sami communities and researchers; (2) methods to bridge concepts of bias projected onto Sami communities and researchers by the others’ differing world views and beliefs about research; and (3) increased education in community-engaged methods for social and natural scientists working with Sami communities. This study supports the need for the development of formalized ethical protocols for conducting community-based engaged research with and for Sami people in Finland that ensure mutually beneficial research for all involved.     

论农地制度创新与农业劳动力转移

建国以后我国农地制度经历了一段曲折的发展变迁过程，它一定程度上影响了我国农业劳动力转移、土地资源可持续利用和农村可持续发展。现行农地制度的某些缺陷又对我国农业劳动力转移形成了效率性、功能性、市场性制约。为此，我们应当立足于农地资源可持续利用的基本原则，构建农地财产权新框架，完善农村社会保障制度，培育起以农地承包权流转为主体的市场运行机制，有效地促进我国农业劳动力转移和农村经济可持续发展。     

汉江流域水权初始配置模型研究

水权管理的关键和难点是水权的初始分配。做好初始水权的分配,能够促进水资源的优化配置,达到以水资源的可持续利用支持国民经济和社会的可持续发展。根据水权初始分配有效性、公平性、可持续性发展的原则,分析了水权初始分配的主要影响因素,主要是经济发展、用水效益、平均分水、现状用水、水源地优先、生态环境以及社会发展;构建了水权初始分配的层次结构图;采用多目标半结构性模糊优选模型研究流域水权初始分配,该模型根据人的经验知识量化原理确定定性指标的相对优属度和各指标的目标权重,为确保模型的实用性,目标值重要性比较时采取了专家咨询手段;定量指标则根据实际情况采用越大越优型的相对优属度公式或越小越优型相对优属度公式。     

关于含油废水处理方法的研究

通过对含油废水处理方法的分析,归纳出适合于不同含油废水的相应方法,供有关企业在选用处理含油废水设备时借鉴。     

一株好氧反硝化菌的分离及特性研究

利用富集培养的方法从城镇污水处理厂的活性污泥中分离到1株好氧反硝化菌,命名为CW。通过形态、生理生化特征和16SrRNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定为睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas testosteroni)。生长特性的研究表明最佳碳源是乙酸钠,最佳碳氮比10:1,最佳DO4.0～6.0mg/L,在此条件下培养24h后,对初始浓度108mg/L的硝酸盐降到27mg/L,去除率达到75%,亚硝酸盐积累仅为4mg/L。以组合载体为填料,挂膜后对污水进行处理,HRT48h,DO5.0mg/L左右,氨氮去除率达到95%左右,最终的NO3-N和NO2-N分别由起始的40～52mg/L和21～28mg/L降为--12～15mg/L和7～9mg/L。     

增强富拉尔基区可持续发展能力投入机制的研究

本文在富拉尔基区可持续发展能力分析的基础上,提出了投入机制。     

The science and politics of co-benefits in climate policy

The co-benefits concept implies a ‘win–win’ strategy to address two or more goals with a single policy measure. There is much scholarly and policy attention paid to this concept as a way to avoid making trade-offs between developmental and environmental issues. However, there is no review paper that reviews the nature, evolution, strengths and limits of the co-benefits concept in relation to climate change. Hence, this review article addresses the question: What does the literature tell us about the definition, application and use of the co-benefits concept? Using a literature review approach, this article explains the evolution of the co-benefits concept and its strengths and weaknesses. We conclude that while the concept has tremendous advocacy potential in dealing with the problem that the costs and benefits of climate policy are temporally and spatially not aligned, its de facto potential is limited as mostly economists have engaged with this concept, and there is little trans-disciplinary work undertaken that also looks at the politics and institutional aspects of co-benefits. The article thus provides an impetus to rethink current approaches to studying co-benefits and points to the need for inter- and trans-disciplinary research drawing on economic, political and social sciences.     

Energy efficiency: The best immediate option for a secure, clean, healthy future

The imperatives for reducing the world's dependence on fossil and nuclear fuels have multiplied manifold in recent years with the advent of worldwide terrorism. These new dangers come in addition to the imperatives of addressing the dire consequences of global warming and devastating pollution that accompany the use of these fossil fuels. Reducing dependence on these unsafe and unreliable energy resources should be a top global priority. Implementation of proven energy efficiency technologies offers the world the fastest, safest, most economic and most environmentally benign way to alleviate these threats. This article outlines available efficiency measures, their economic advantages and means by which they may be and have been implemented. While examples of efficiency applications from both developed and developing countries are given, the article relies heavily on experience with energy efficiency in the United States, where data on efficiency is particularly abundant.     

Environmental psychology with a Latin American taste

This paper describes and analyzes the actual and potential contributions of Latin American environmental psychology (EP) to the study of environment–behaviour interactions. Latin America is a richly socoi- and bio-diverse region; the multitude of problems caused by threats to its diversity requires especial conceptual and methodological approaches for studying and solving those problems. Latin American environmental psychologists have contributed ideas and studies according to the specificities (indigenous psychologies) of their nations. These specificities include Latin American traditions of collective participation, holistic worldviews, emotional attachment to places and other individuals, biospheric attitudes and preference for diversity, among others, in addition to the cultural traditions inherited from Europe. These traditions are considered in EP studies conducted by Latin American authors, which are described and commented upon. The importance of formative programs for a professionalizing environmental psychology in the area is discussed. Finally, this paper envisions the future of EP in Latin America. Such a forecast includes our vision of how environmental psychologists in the region could contribute to the general development of a universal environmental psychology.     

上海市环境保护科学研究的回顾与展望

２０年来，上海市已培育、发展、形成了一支稳定的环境科学研究队伍。回顾了这支队伍承担的上海市环保局下达的４７０余项科研项目中，一些主要的课题取得了卓越成果。在回顾的同时，对加强环境保护科研工作提出了五点意见。