Research core and framework of sustainability science

This paper reviews recent achievements in sustainability science and discusses the research core and framework of sustainability science. We analyze and organize papers published in three selected core journals of sustainability science: Sustainability Science, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, and Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy. Papers are organized into three categories: sustainability and its definition, domain-oriented research, and a research framework for sustainability science. First, we provide a short history and define the basic characteristics of sustainability; then we review current efforts in the following research domains: climate, biodiversity, agriculture, fishery, forestry, energy and resources, water, economic development, health, and lifestyle. Finally, we propose a research framework for sustainability science that includes the following components: goal setting, indicator setting, indicator measurement, causal chain analysis, forecasting, backcasting, and problem–solution chain analysis. We emphasize the importance of this last component for improving situations and attaining goals.     

上海市臭氧污染的大气环流客观分型研究

利用T-mode主成分分析法(PCT)对上海2013—2017年3—10月925 hPa低层位势高度和全风速场进行大样本客观分型,总结了有利于和不利于促发上海地面臭氧污染的大气环流类型.发现有利于促发臭氧污染的环流形势都和副高有关,分别为副高控制(HC)和副高西北侧(HW),对应的臭氧超标率分别为68%和24.2%.前者的气象特点表现为辐射最强、温度最高有利于臭氧的光化学生成,臭氧浓度较弱副高形势平均偏高约50%;而后者以西向风为主,呈现明显的输送效应.相反不利于促发臭氧污染的环流类型都和低值系统相关,分别为低压北侧(LN)、低压东侧(LE)和低压西侧(LW),臭氧超标率均低于7%.其中LN影响下上海水平风速最大、扩散条件最好,不利于臭氧积聚;LE和LW影响下上海多云雨天气导致辐射降低,抑制了臭氧的光化学生成.     

A cost analysis technique for research management and design

A classic research approach is to optimize experimental design and available resources. However, that approach does not guarantee that results will be useful. This article takes the view that research should not be undertaken unless there is assurance that final results will be significant to a level specified before any work is begun. Given that assurance, the relationship between cost and statistical significance is explored, a new approach to optimization s developed, and the use of models in research design is considered.     

建筑防火性能化评估目标研究

依据已建立的建筑防火性能化评估方法总体框架。着重对建筑防火性能化评估目标的确定开展了研究，并从社会评估目标，功能评估目标和性能评估目标三个层次建立了建筑防火性能化评估目标的递阶层次结构。     

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF MULTIPLE‐OBJECTIVE DECISION‐MAKING METHODS FOR WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLANNING1

ABSTRACT: Making decisions for environmental management is a complex task due to the multiplicity and diversity of technological choices. Furthermore, the exploitation of natural resources and the preservation of the natural environment imply objectives that are often in conflict within a sustainable development paradigm. Managers and other decision makers require techniques to assist them in understanding strategic decision making. This paper illustrates the use of a multiple‐objective decision‐making methodology and an integrative geographical information system‐based decision‐making tool developed to help watershed councils prioritize and evaluate restoration activities at the watershed level. Both were developed through a multidisciplinary approach. The decision‐making tool is being applied in two watersheds of Oregon's Willamette River Basin. The results suggest that multiple‐objective methods can provide a valuable tool in analyzing complex watershed management issues.     

室内空气品质评价方法的研究进展

介绍了国内外有关室内空气品质评价的研究现状,阐述了室内空气品质的主观评价法及其局限性,着重介绍了室内空气品质的客观评价方法。指出建立公正、权威的室内空气品质的评价方法是目前亟需解决的问题。     

基础研究与林火实践

通过介绍森林火灾的双重性分析森林火灾的几个典型现象,探讨了如何对森林火灾进行基础研究和模拟实验。并从着火过程,林火行为,阻炎林带的阻火机理三个方面论述了基础与林火初中之间的关系。     

粉煤灰电石渣用作金属废渣和酸性铬污泥的稳定/固化剂的试验研究

粉煤灰、电石渣与水泥存在着某些相似的理化性质 ,研究它们对金属废物和酸性铬污泥的稳定 /固化作用 ,实现以废治废将具有重要意义。本文通过试验研究证实了粉煤灰和电石渣对金属废渣有良好的稳定 /固化作用 ;对酸性铬污泥 ,电石渣有很好的稳定 /固化作用 ,二者完全可以替代水泥用作金属废渣和酸性铬污泥的固化剂。     

SD-MOP整合模型在秦皇岛市生态环境规划中的应用研究

针对秦皇岛市区的系统特征，应用SD－MOP整合模型对其进行了生态环境系统规划研究，从该市生态系统的结构和功能模拟入手，建立城市生态环境系统动力学模型，通过模型的原始运行和灵敏度分析，寻找出对城市发展影响较大的敏感点及与之相应的参变量，以之核心建立多目标规划模型，求解MOP模型，获取敏感点最优解集，根据模型的解，针对具体情况设计模拟运行方案，与决策者进行交互，取得系统发展的优化规则方案，并对方案实施后的社会，经济，环境等结果进行了预测。     

循环经济激励机制建立研究初探

循环经济是世界社会经济发展的必然要求,在我国更是具有特殊的地位和内涵,开展循环经济的研究,特别是有关循环经济激励机制的研究尤为迫切。循环经济激励机制建立对我国当前循环经济发展十分必要,建议从宏观规划、经济、产业、技术、思想、宣传、法律法规和政绩考核等8个方面实施一系列激励政策措施来促进循环经济的快速发展。