珠江三角洲秋季典型O3污染的气象条件及贡献量化

利用自组织神经网络分析法,对珠江三角洲2013~2017年秋季海平面气压和全风速场进行大样本客观分型.结果表明,影响O₃的天气类型共有7种,由污染程度高低分为高、中、低3类,对应的平均O₃超标率分别为32.3%, 12.0%和4.2%.对比2017年和2016年秋季O₃污染天气分型下促发O₃污染的气象因子差异,2017年秋季高污染型O₃天气形势出现的天数比2016年增多,且中污染型天气形势出现时,2017年的局地污染气象条件更为不利.采用WRF-CAMx模式通过改变气象场输入来量化气象条件贡献,并用实测变化减去气象变化以推算排放贡献.结果表明,气象条件变化导致O₃浓度上升的贡献率为29.8%,而排放的变化引起O₃浓度下降的贡献率为7.1%.在2017年秋季开展的O₃污染防治专项行动指导下的珠江三角洲O₃前体物控制措施,有效缓解了部分由于不利气象条件而引起的O₃污染浓度上升.不利气象条件是导致2017年秋季O₃浓度升高的重要成因.     

Research core and framework of sustainability science

This paper reviews recent achievements in sustainability science and discusses the research core and framework of sustainability science. We analyze and organize papers published in three selected core journals of sustainability science: Sustainability Science, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, and Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy. Papers are organized into three categories: sustainability and its definition, domain-oriented research, and a research framework for sustainability science. First, we provide a short history and define the basic characteristics of sustainability; then we review current efforts in the following research domains: climate, biodiversity, agriculture, fishery, forestry, energy and resources, water, economic development, health, and lifestyle. Finally, we propose a research framework for sustainability science that includes the following components: goal setting, indicator setting, indicator measurement, causal chain analysis, forecasting, backcasting, and problem–solution chain analysis. We emphasize the importance of this last component for improving situations and attaining goals.     

基于DPSIR模型的省域绿色发展绩效评价

提高绿色发展水平是推动生态文明建设,实现美丽中国的重要途径。将驱动力—压力—状态—影响—响应（DPSIR）模型运用在绿色发展绩效评价中,构建了建设美丽中国愿景下的省域绿色发展绩效评价指标体系,采用层次分析法确定指标权重,采取目标渐进法进行标准化处理,在此基础上构建省域绿色发展绩效综合指数。以贵州省为研究对象,对2009—2019年的绿色发展水平进行评估。结果表明：2009—2019年贵州省绿色发展绩效综合指数呈逐年递增,从Ⅰ级（低）向Ⅲ级（一般）转化的趋势;DPSIR模型中压力层的社会压力、资源消耗、污染排放指标对贵州省绿色发展影响最大;目前贵州省绿色发展处于一般水平（Ⅲ级）,下一阶段应重视提升经济发展水平、实施生态环境整治、推进减污降碳、加大民生保障等方面,从而提高贵州省绿色发展水平,最终实现“美丽贵州”。

     

优化布点的TOPSIS法研究

针对多目标系统的优化布点问题,尝试提出用改进的TOPSIS法研究水质环境监测点位的优化,并建立改进的TOPSIS法优化模型.实例分析表明,该方法充分利用了优化矩阵的信息,优选结果符合客观实际,可用于环境监测点位的优化布点.     

有机物渗透管的研制

介绍了用Wh聚四氟乙烯膜作为渗透材料制作有机物渗透管的方法,并且针对所研制的渗透管的特性、影响渗透率的主要因素及渗透率的稳定性等方面进行了探讨.     

宜昌市城区灰霾天气成因分析研究

从灰霾天气形成的可能影响因素出发,根据长期的气象和环保观测资料,将近10年来宜昌市城区逆温层与等温层、降水日、风速风向、环境空气质量优良天数、可吸入性颗粒物(PM10)年均值、二氧化硫(SO2)年均值、二氧化氮(NO2)年均值的观测值与灰霾日观测值进行相关分析,并分析了宜昌市城区环境污染的气象化学作用,揭示出宜昌市城区灰霾天气成因主要是与不利扩散和降解的气象化学作用有关,与目前环境空气质量监测的PM10、SO2、NO2三个指标无明显相关关系,而与细粒子、气溶胶污染有关。     

道路交通噪声自动监测中最少监测时间研究

以城市主干线为例,对长期道路交通噪声自动监测数据进行统计分析,得出道路交通噪声实施噪声自动监测时应采用的小时最少监测时间、日昼夜最少监测小时、季最少监测天数和年最少监测天数。     

耗能减震钢结构性能水准与目标的初步研究

介绍了钢结构的破坏特点和耗能减震钢结构的特性。结合国内外相关研究成果及相关规范,将位移型耗能减震器的性态划分为无耗能状态、初始耗能状态、正常耗能状态、极限耗能状态和破坏状态,并对它们所对应的状态进行了描述,给出了量化的指标;在此基础上,从整个结构、结构构件、非结构构件及建筑附属系统、人员安全和使用情况四个方面对耗能减震钢结构的性能水准进行了综合性描述,给出了量化指标。最后,对耗能减震钢结构宜采用的性能目标提出建议。     

Measurement method for objective cyclist behavior parameters

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this research is to study the feasibility of measuring behavioral indicators that reflect effects of infrastructure and interaction with other road users.

Methods: An observation study was performed using 6 cameras above a separated cycle path next to a road which included a crossing with both cyclists and cars. A learning method based on Single Shot MultiBox Detector was applied to automatically detect the cyclists, and cyclist tracks were determined. Next, kinematic parameters were calculated from the cyclists’ tracks. Amongst others, the cyclists’ intensity, speed, position on the cycle path, and the distance to each other were analyzed for a busy period as well as for a quiet period of the day.

Results: With the measurement method developed in this study it is possible to analyze the cyclists’ intensity, the space they use at the cycle path, their average velocity, waiting times, the space and velocity amongst each other, and red light negation. However, collisions were not seen in the dataset analyzed, and the data is not sufficiently accurate to analyze sudden braking actions.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the developed measurement method provides insight of the cyclists’ behavior in such a way that it can already be used for obtaining information to make changes to the infrastructure that will improve the comfort and safety of cyclists. The method could be further developed for doing qualitative comfort and safety analyses, and for doing analyses of the interaction between various types of road participants.     

污染土壤修复技术研究现状与趋势

生态保护工作的发展包括环境保护和污染治理两个方面,为了保证生态环境的健康发展,必须要同时做好这两方面工作。在污染治理过程中土壤修复是重要的治理内容,也是污染治理的重要研究方法。本文主要对污染土壤修复技术研究现状进行分析,并对其未来的发展趋势进行预测。