2-萘酚生产废水综合治理与资源化利用工程实例

针对2-萘酚生产废水p H值低、色泽深,亚硫酸盐和萘磺酸盐高、COD浓度高的特点,采用酸化脱硫-两级络合萃取-氧化絮凝工艺处理,介绍了专利工艺的流程设计,给出了主要工艺设计参数及投资运行成本。工程运行结果表明,该工艺设计合理、技术成熟、处理效果稳定,2-萘酚生产废水经处理后达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准要求;回收的萘磺酸钠固体可返回2-萘酚生产系统套用;反萃取黑液经蒸发浓缩,合成的减水剂产品各项指标达到或超过GB 8076—2008《混凝土外加剂》高效减水剂指标要求。     

雾霾重污染期间北京居民对高浓度PM2.5持续暴露的健康风险及其损害价值评估

开展短期内高浓度空气污染造成的人体健康风险评价以及健康经济损失研究,对推进城市大气污染防控,保证人民群众的健康水平具有重要的科学价值和实际意义.研究选择2013年1月发生的北京市雾霾重污染事件,采用泊松回归模型评价全市居民对10~15日高浓度PM2.5暴露的急性健康损害风险,并采用环境价值评估方法估算人群健康损害的经济损失.结果表明,短期高浓度PM2.5污染对人群健康风险较高,约造成早逝201例,呼吸系统疾病住院1 056例,心血管疾病住院545例,儿科门诊7 094例,内科门诊16 881例,急性支气管炎10 132例,哮喘7 643例.相关健康经济损失高达4.89亿元(95%CI:2.04~7.49),其中早逝与急性支气管炎、哮喘三者占总损失的90%以上.建议应针对不同人群不同健康终点的健康风险进行健康预警并开展及早医学干预,以降低类似空气重污染事件给居民健康带来的风险和损失.     

生态社会主义及其双重价值研究

生态社会主义是当代西方一种具有重要影响的左翼社会思潮,它致力于生态原则与社会主义的结合,要求超越资本主义与现存的社会主义模式,主张在对资本主义进行批判和建议的基础上,建立新的绿色社会、生态现代化的社会和全面发展的社会。生态社会主义具有历史的进步性与理论和实践上的局限性双重社会价值,我们应当汲取生态社会主义的积极思想,为中国生态文明建设提供有益借鉴。     

宝天高速公路沿线地表水环境现状评价的密切值法

以宝天高速公路为背景,讨论了公路建设对水体环境的主要影响,并利用改进的密切值法对公路沿线地表水进行水环境质量现状评价.通过评价表明:沿线地表水质量良好,基本达到地表水环境Ⅰ级标准;评价结果真实地反映了天宝高速公路沿线水体水质的基本情况,说明采用密切值法对水体进行评价是可行的;该方法概念清晰、计算简便实用,能较好地反映区域内各水体水环境质量的相对优劣,可为制定环境规划、进行环境决策、实施环境综合整治提供科学依据.     

喀斯特石漠化地区生态恢复重建技术及其成果的价值评估——以广西平果县果化示范区为例

用土壤改良技术、表层岩溶水开发技术和生物恢复重建技术等对广西平果县果化示范区的土壤和植被等进行了恢复重建,结果是:果化示范区的植被覆盖率由2000年重建前的10%提高到2005年的50%~70%,水土流失也得到了较明显的控制,土壤侵蚀模数下降到了510.92 kg/(km2.a)。用生态经济学的原理和方法,对恢复后的生态系统服务价值进行了评估,结果表明示范区新增的间接利用价值达10186873元,间接利用价值是直接利用价值的12倍。新增的生态效益为8002053元,社会效益为2184820元。扣除治理期间实际投入的科研费用,增加的总生态服务净价值为8869308元。     

Critical environmental indicators: performance indices and assessment models for sustainable rural development planning

Sustainable development planning must be based on environmental and biophysical baseline indices that effectively define comparative development potential and environmental constraints. As such, indices must define the comparative advantage of the natural resource base and measure the fundamental capacity to sustain production rates of natural resource goods and services used to create societal well being. Complex biophysical and socioeconomic characteristics affect the identification and selection of sustainable development strategies. When derived from effective baseline indicators, indices may be used to define the spatial and temporal distribution of economically viable production opportunities and may be expressed in derived indices that realistically describe basic production opportunities and guide the selection of feasible, long-term development strategies. Specifically, representative indices are critical in the identification of development goals and realistic objectives and can be used to evaluate, select and implement sustainable development strategies and plans. It is stressed that the relevancy and effectiveness of public policies depend on the identification of representative evaluation models and baseline indices to define development strategies that are both environmentally sustainable and economically viable. In this context, the role of baseline indicators that define natural resource production capacities is discussed. This includes potential resource uses, derived benefits and their economic and environmental impacts. Key thematic indicators are suggested that may be especially useful in identifying development alternatives and impacts. This suggested that clearly defined environmental pollution limits or impact standards be used to define public risk tolerance limits and carrying capacity constraints. It is argued that these measures may be more effective in directing policy choices than economic valuation of non market goods and services that represent environmental externalities associated with resource exploitation options and economic development strategies. To this end, examples of thematic indicators and derived indices are introduced that may prove effective in resource assessment, economic evaluation and strategic development planning.     

湿式除尘脱硫装置的循环喷淋洗涤液PH值的控制

介绍湿工脱硫使用的几种硫剂的净化原理及脱硫剂制备和吸收液的ＰＨ值控制值,采用ＮａＯＨ－Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２作为脱硫吸收液在研制高效导旋除尘脱硫净化的实际运行情况,对湿式脱硫吸收液ＰＨ值控制具有借鉴作用。     

资源和环境的存在价值的经济学基础

资源与环境的存在价值为独立与人们对资源的现期使用的价值。在资源,环境的代际问题中,存在价值会成为重要的决策参数。本文对存在价值的同予以分陈、归纳,并以反映其特点的结构进行表述;其次对存在价值与其它类别的价值尤其是期权价值,准期作出区分。     

Carbon emission reduction and cost–benefit of methane digester systems on hog farms in China

Three different sizes of hog farms were selected to analyze the carbon emissions reduction and the cost–benefit of three methane digester systems. The sizes of the digesters are 2,200, 2,200 and 800 m³, respectively. The sales of slaughter hogs from them are 50,000, 35,000 and 10,000 head, respectively. The carbon emissions reductions were 5,237, 4,017, and 1,334 tons, respectively. The results show that while the methane digester systems have a significant effect on carbon emissions reduction, it is difficult to operate the systems sustainably. If the carbon emissions reduction can be traded at high enough prices in the carbon offset markets, then the systems will be profitable and sustainable. Newly established China's domestic carbon offset market could provide this possibility, but more government support is needed. In addition, this study shows that scale economies make the digester adoption relatively more profitable for larger farms than smaller ones.     

Eco-efficiency in Portuguese companies of marble sector

The activities developed within an eco-efficiency project in mineral industries located in the largest area for marble extraction in Portugal, in Alentejo region, in the Estremoz – Borba and Vila Viçosa anticline are presented in this paper. The project was designed to apply the sustainability concept in seven companies of marble extraction and transformation. The adopted strategy used new cleaner production models together with sustainable value (SV) improvement, leading to the rationalization of the industrial process, the involvement of economic agents and the orientation of the management of production processes towards eco-efficiency. The challenge was to have the mineral industry managing efficiently the resources on which the business depends, according to sustainability principles. Different opportunities for improvement, related to the minimization of materials, water and energy use, were identified in the companies. Some proposals mainly related to social improvement and small and medium-sized enterprise competitiveness benefits were also selected and discussed. This approach allows the integration of sustainability at company's and region's levels by combining in the entrepreneurial activity the creation of wealth together with the environment protection and the achieving of social benefits. Highlights: The involvement of different stakeholders in the project (Eco-efficiency in Portuguese companies of marble sector) was positive in the discussion and search of solutions for companies. It is possible to involve marble extraction and processing companies in eco-efficiency improvement towards sustainability. Companies from the marble sector improved environmental and social performance and reduced the costs of their production processes by applying SV methodology.