Growth and photosynthetic responses to copper in wild grapevine

The present study evaluates the tolerance and accumulation potential of Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris under moderate and high external Cu levels. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effects of a range of external Cu concentrations (0–23 mmol L⁻¹) on growth and photosynthetic performance by measuring gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic pigments. We also measured the total copper, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium and sodium concentrations in the plant tissues. All the experimental plants survived even with external Cu concentrations as high as 23 mmol L⁻¹ (1500 mg Cu L⁻¹), although the excess of metal resulted in a biomass reduction of 35%. The effects of Cu on growth were linked to a reduction in net photosynthesis, which may be related to the effect of the high concentration of the metal on photosynthetic electron transport. V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris survived with leaf Cu concentrations as high as 80 mg kg⁻¹ DW and growth parameters were unaffected by leaf tissue concentrations of 35 mg Cu kg⁻¹ DW. The results of our study indicate that plants of V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris from the studied population are more tolerant to Cu than the commercial varieties of grapevine that have been studied in the literature, and could constitute a basis for the genetic improvement of Cu tolerance in grapevine.     

Low dose effects and non-monotonic dose responses for endocrine active chemicals: Science to practice workshop: Workshop summary

A workshop was held in Berlin September 12–14th 2012 to assess the state of the science of the data supporting low dose effects and non-monotonic dose responses (“low dose hypothesis”) for chemicals with endocrine activity (endocrine disrupting chemicals or EDCs). This workshop consisted of lectures to present the current state of the science of EDC action and also the risk assessment process. These lectures were followed by breakout sessions to integrate scientists from various backgrounds to discuss in an open and unbiased manner the data supporting the “low dose hypothesis”. While no consensus was reached the robust discussions were helpful to inform both basic scientists and risk assessors on all the issues. There were a number of important ideas developed to help continue the discussion and improve communication over the next few years.     

D.radiodurans kat A和kat B基因的结构分析与功能鉴定

以简并引物PCR获得的Cat酶基因片段探针,结合生物信息学方法,探明了耐辐射奇球菌（D.radiodu-rans)基因组中存在两个编码过氧化氢酶（Catalase,Cat)的基因：katA和B.katA和katB基因长2277bp和1611bp,各编码758和536个氨基酸,用pKK223-3表达载体连接katB基因,转入Cat酶缺陷型大肠杆菌（E. coliUM2)进行表达.katB基因表达产物具有Cat酶活性,电泳迁移位置与D.radiodurans CatB酶位置相符,并可重建E.coliUM2对低浓度H2O2损伤的耐受力。     

负载咪唑型离子液体硅胶吸附材料制备及应用研究

制备了3种取代咪唑键合的硅胶负载型离子液体(甲基咪唑-SIL、氨丙基咪唑-SIL及十二烷基咪唑-SIL),比较了其对水中双酚A(BPA)的吸附能力。在该研究的实验条件下,BPA在十二烷基咪唑-SIL与水溶液之间的分配系数K_d值高达(2.58±0.02)×10³ L/kg,氨丙基咪唑-SIL、甲基咪唑-SIL的K_d值也分别达到(2.26±0.28)×10、(2.71±0.16)×10 L/kg。采用甲醇为洗脱液,可以对十二烷基咪唑-SIL相中的BPA进行有效回收,2次洗脱的合并回收率为106.7%±4.8%。以十二烷基咪唑-SIL作为被动采样装置的接收相,对污水处理厂出水中BPA进行了被动采样监测应用的微宇宙实验研究。结果表明,在实验周期内,十二烷基咪唑-SIL被动采样器对水体中BPA的被动采集呈线性,其采集速率为0.33 L/d,与以HLB为接收相的商品化被动采样器接近,并且同HLB固相萃取填料相比,离子液体接收相对BPA的采集更具选择性,基质效应较小,可作为被动采样监测装置的理想接收相材料。     

基于磁性多壁碳纳米管的涡旋辅助分散基质固相萃取-高效液相色谱检测水中双酚A

针对分散基质固相萃取中吸附剂与液相难以彻底分离等问题,合成磁性多壁碳纳米管作为吸附剂,结合液相色谱检测,建立了基于涡旋辅助磁性分散基质固相萃取检测水中双酚A的分析方法。磁性多壁碳纳米管与液相可以实现简便、彻底的分离,省略分散基质固相萃取中的过滤或离心步骤。在优化条件下,方法检出限为0.02μg/L,线性范围为0.05~10μg/L(r=0.999 2)。将该方法用于实际水样的分析,相对回收率为89.6%。     

A2O氧化沟缺氧区三维流场模拟及结构形式优化

以FLUENT软件为工具,选用三维RNG k-ε紊流数学模型对重庆井口污水厂A²O氧化沟缺氧区内的流场进行模拟,分析了缺氧区内流场分布不均匀及沉泥的原因,提出了水下推进器的合理设置位置与导流墙的合理设置方式,并对优化后的缺氧区进行了模拟计算。通过优化后模拟的结果可见,在相同的功率密度下,缺氧区内的流场得到了较均匀的分布,流速从原来的0.131 m/s提升到0.204 m/s,减少了能量的损失。底部的流速也从原来的0.140 m/s提升到0.226 m/s,有效的防止或减少了沟中的污泥沉积。优化的结果对实际工程的设计也有一定的指导意义。     

Effects of probiotic bacteria on the bioaccessibility of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A using an in vitro digestion model under fed conditions

In the present study, we aimed at determining the release of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and ochratoxin A (OTA) from different food products in the gastro-intestinal tract in the absence and presence of probiotics, a possible adsorbent. The average bioaccessibility of AFB₁ and OTA without probiotics was about 90%, and 30%, respectively, depending on several factors, such as food product, contamination level, compound and type of contamination (spiked versus naturally contaminated). The six probiotic bacteria showed varying binding capacity to AFB₁ and OTA depending on the bacterial strain, toxin studied, type of food and contamination level. A reduction to a maximum of 37% and 73% as observed for the bioaccessibility of AFB₁ and OTA in the presence of probiotic bacteria, respectively. This is the first report on the effect of probiotic bacteria on reducing the fraction of mycotoxins available for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract from different food products.     

废轮胎热解衍生油非加氢脱硫

衍生油是废轮胎热解过程中最重要的产品之一,其最有意义的一种用途是作为燃料来得到较高的附加值.但是衍生油的硫含量较高,且具有恶臭味道,妨碍了它作为燃料的广泛应用.在管式反应器上分别考察了氧化锌、混合脱硫剂、A.D.A和MDEA+环丁砜法对废轮胎高温热解气的非加氢脱硫效果,并对不同的脱硫工艺作了简要的经济评价.结果发现,白土、陶土和石灰粉混合脱硫剂与氧化锌的热解气直接脱硫效果较好,衍生油的硫含量可降低到0.11％左右.采用油气分离的A.D.A脱硫工艺最经济.     

一体式A/O反应器中不同碳硫比对除碳脱臭效率的影响

在污水处理领域同步除碳脱臭研究一直是个难题,本实验开发了一种新型同步除碳脱臭一体式A/O反应器,研究了该一体式A/O反应器处理不同碳硫比有机废水时的同步除碳脱臭功能。结果表明,碳硫比为30∶1时,即进水SO24-浓度为133 mg/L,该反应器总COD去除率可达到95%。在进水SO24-浓度不大于400 mg/L时,中间产物臭气硫化氢气可以完全去除,实现了同步除碳脱臭的功能,减少了在有机废水处理过程中的大量臭气的排放。微生物学角度分析,表明污泥中含有大量的硫细菌。     

大孔树脂NKA-II对双酚A的吸附性能

研究了大孔树脂NKA-II对双酚A（BPA）的吸附性能,考察了吸附过程的动力学、热力学及树脂的再生性能。BPA溶液呈弱酸性,不需调节pH可直接进行吸附。BPA在大孔树脂NKA-II上的吸附过程可用准二级动力学方程很好地描述。树脂对BPA的吸附是吸热反应,符合Freundlich等温吸附方程,吸附过程属于可自发进行的物理吸附。BPA的吸附过程中同时存在着溶剂的解吸。大孔树脂NKA-II具有良好的重复使用性能,新树脂的平衡吸附量为10.44 mg/g,再生20次后平衡吸附量仍为10.43 mg/g。